Table 3.
Mixed Effects Logistic Regression Models of Perceived Safety Net: Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, Baseline—Year 5
| Model A |
Model B |
Model C |
Model D |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fixed Effects | ||||
| Between-mother constant | ||||
| (initial status) | 2.231*** | 1.989*** | 2.209*** | 2.861*** |
| (0.073) | (0.082) | (0.228) | (0.272) | |
| Time-fixed covariates | ||||
| Race and nativity | ||||
| Black immigrant | −1.035** | −0.904* | ||
| (0.350) | (0.436) | |||
| Black native-born | −0.351* | −0.301 | ||
| (0.148) | (0.182) | |||
| Hispanic immigrant | −0.633** | −0.769** | ||
| (0.206) | (0.250) | |||
| Hispanic native-born | −0.109 | −0.117 | ||
| (0.173) | (0.213) | |||
| White immigrant | −1.548* | −1.747* | ||
| (0.727) | (0.880) | |||
| White native-born (reference) | --- | --- | ||
| Grandmother HS diploma | 0.339** | 0.316** | ||
| (0.103) | (0.111) | |||
| Mother’s age | −0.038*** | −0.058*** | ||
| (0.010) | (0.012) | |||
| Child is mother’s firstborn | 0.346** | 0.349** | ||
| (0.126) | (0.134) | |||
| Child is female | 0.201* | 0.224* | ||
| (0.093) | (0.100) | |||
| Child low birth-weight | −0.150 | −0.139 | ||
| (0.146) | (0.156) | |||
| Time-varying Covariates | ||||
| Mother’s educational attainment | ||||
| Less than HS diploma/GED | −0.218*** | −0.544*** | ||
| (0.059) | (0.094) | |||
| HS diploma/GED only | −0.065 | −0.250** | ||
| (0.055) | (0.091) | |||
| More than HS/GED (reference) | --- | --- | ||
| Economic characteristics | ||||
| Employed | 0.071 | −0.022 | ||
| (0.058) | (0.084) | |||
| Lives at or below poverty level | −0.398*** | −0.354*** | ||
| (0.063) | (0.063) | |||
| Receives public assistance | −0.192** | −0.339*** | ||
| (0.058) | (0.085) | |||
| Household characteristics: | ||||
| Lives with partner | 0.107 | 0.192** | ||
| (0.058) | (0.058) | |||
| Lives with parent | 0.181** | 0.283*** | ||
| (0.069) | (0.069) | |||
| Additional biological children | −0.103* | −0.095* | ||
| (0.041) | (0.043) | |||
| Reports fair/poor health | −0.451*** | −0.655**** | ||
| (0.076) | (0.125) | |||
| Attends religious services weekly | 0.140* | 0.163** | ||
| (0.057) | (0.057) | |||
| Within-mother constant (rate of change) | −0.041 | 0.225*** | −0.232** | |
| (0.028) | (0.058) | (0.088) | ||
| Race and nativity | ||||
| Black immigrant | −0.225 | |||
| (0.144) | ||||
| Black native-born | −0.061 | |||
| (0.060) | ||||
| Hispanic immigrant | 0.090 | |||
| (0.085) | ||||
| Hispanic native-born | −0.018 | |||
| (0.070) | ||||
| White immigrant | −0.028 | |||
| (0.389) | ||||
| White native-born (reference) | ||||
| Mother’s educational attainment | ||||
| Less than HS diploma/GED | 0.106*** | |||
| (0.020) | ||||
| HS diploma/GED only | 0.065** | |||
| (0.020) | ||||
| More than HS/GED (reference) | --- | |||
| Economic characteristics | ||||
| Employed | 0.058** | |||
| (0.020) | ||||
| Receives public assistance | 0.067*** | |||
| (0.020) | ||||
| Reports fair/poor health | 0.066* | |||
| (0.031) | ||||
| Random Effects | ||||
| Variance Components | ||||
| Variance: initial status | 4.330*** | 2.792*** | 1.830*** | 2.876*** |
| (0.292) | (0.376) | (0.301) | (0.397) | |
| Variance: annual change | 0.069** | 0.117*** | 0.096*** | |
| (0.033) | (0.035) | (0.032) | ||
| Covariance | 0.358*** | 0.342*** | 0.146 | |
| (0.065) | (0.058) | (0.074) | ||
| Model statistics | ||||
| Rho | 0.568 | 0.020 | 0.034 | 0.028 |
| Goodness-of-fit | ||||
| Deviance | 10374.18 | 10344.88 | 9856.68 | 9735.27 |
| AIC | 10380.18 | 10354.88 | 9906.69 | 9807.27 |
Note: Model rho calculated with the variance of the level-one residual fixed at π2/3 (Snijders & Bosker, 1999: 224).
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
***
p < .001.