Table 1.
Characteristics of type 1 diabetes by numbers of total proband cases and controlsa.
| Characteristic | Cases | Controls |
|---|---|---|
| No. of subjects (in 425 families) | 128 | 297 |
| Females (n, %) | 60 (46.9) | 132 (44.4) |
| Age of type 1 diabetes diagnosis (yr±SD) | 8.7 ± 5.3 | 9.1 ± 7.1 |
| Duration of type 1 diabetes [yr±SD]b | 39.4 ± 8.9 | 31.2 ± 9.7 |
| Retinopathy (n, %) | 119 (93.0) | N/A |
| Nephropathy (n, %) | 46 (35.9) | N/A |
| Neuropathy (n, %) | 35 (27.3) | N/A |
| > 1 complication (n, %) | 54 (42.2) | N/A |
a
‘Case’ refers to a proband with type 1 diabetes and at least 1 microvascular complication. ‘Control’ refers to a proband with type 1 diabetes only and no history of microvascular complications.
b
Statistically significant difference between cases and controls according to Student’s t-test.