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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Biomater. 2013 Mar 19;9(7):7564–7572. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.010

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

(A–D) Immunostain reveals alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression on bone marrow cells: challenged the cells by different concentrations of titanium particles (0, 0.5, 1, 3 mg/ml) in osteogenic-induction medium (100× magnification); (E) ALP activity assay of cell lysate: The OD values of ALP activity were normalized against the total protein concentration in the sample and expressed as arbitrary unit. The control sample was from cells lysate without particle treatment; (F) MTT assay to periodically estimate the viability and proliferation of BMSCs treated by various concentrated Ti particles. Stimulation indexes were calculated by comparison with baseline proliferation (particle-free controls, *p<0.05, **p<0.01)