Table 2.
Adjusted associations of using a condom at last sex for men and women by sub-Saharan African Region
| |
East Africa |
Southern Africa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
(Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Tanzania) |
(Lesotho‡, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe) |
||
| |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
| |
n = 12,772 |
n = 16,032 |
n = 11,740 |
n = 12,197 |
| AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Age, per year |
0.97 (0.96-0.98) |
0.96 (0.95-0.97) |
0.98 (0.98-0.99) |
0.99 (0.98-0.99) |
| Marital status |
|
|
|
|
| Married/cohabitating vs. unmarried (ref) |
0.36 (0.30-0.43) |
0.37 (0.29-0.46) |
0.28 (0.24-0.32) |
0.41 (0.32-0.53) |
| Education (ref: No schooling) |
|
|
|
|
| High school or > |
2.25 (1.74-2.91) |
2.63 (2.06-3.37) |
1.92 (1.56-2.37) |
2.04 (1.58-2.65) |
| Primary |
1.33 (1.05-1.69) |
1.53 (1.24-1.89) |
1.29 (1.05-1.58) |
1.44 (1.12-1.87) |
| Residence |
|
|
|
|
| Urban vs. rural (ref) |
1.37 (1.18-1.59) |
1.36 (1.16-1.61) |
1.09 (0.96-1.23) |
1.04 (0.90-1.20) |
| Wealth index |
1.20 (1.14-1.27) |
1.17 (1.10-1.24) |
1.18 (1.13-1.24) |
1.25 (1.18-1.32) |
| Country |
|
|
|
|
| Kenya (East) / Lesotho‡ (South) |
1.92 (1.62-2.27) |
0.99 (0.81-1.22) |
2.23 (1.96-2.55) |
- |
| Tanzania (East) / Swaziland (South) |
1.61 (1.38-1.88) |
1.46 (1.24-1.72) |
2.00 (1.75-2.25) |
2.27 (1.99-2.61) |
| Rwanda (East) / Zimbabwe (South) |
0.80 (0.63-1.01)† |
0.61 (0.47-0.80) |
1.06 (0.94-1.20) |
0.56 (0.48-0.66) |
| Mozambique (East) (ref) / Zambia (South) (ref) |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Knows condoms prevent HIV |
|
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no (ref) |
1.84 (1.56-2.18) |
1.71 (1.43-2.05) |
1.44 (1.26-1.65) |
1.48 (1.25-1.76) |
| Sex with non-spousal, non-cohabitating partner(s) in prior year |
|
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no (ref) |
4.95 (4.15-5.91) |
4.01 (3.16-5.09) |
1.89 (1.63-2.17) |
2.63 (2.03-3.40) |
| Male partner or both were drunk during last sex |
|
|
|
|
| Yes vs. no (ref) |
0.76 (0.48-1.19) |
0.83 (0.51-1.36) |
0.84 (0.72-0.99) |
0.78 (.59-1.02)† |
| Partner type |
|
|
|
|
| Casual vs. steady (ref) |
1.16 (0.96-1.40) |
1.13 (0.79-1.63) |
1.00 (0.80-1.26) |
1.22 (0.74-2.01) |
| HIV test results |
|
|
|
|
| HIV positive vs. HIV negative (ref) |
2.43 (1.97-3.01) |
2.08 (1.74-2.48) |
1.53 (1.36-1.72) |
1.67 (1.48-1.88) |
|
Interaction |
|
|
|
|
| Drunk x partner type | 1.74 (1.01-3.00) | 1.79 (0.67-4.75) | 1.57 (0.95-2.54)† | 0.97 (0.26-3.61) |
Note: AOR adjusted odds ratio; bold text denotes statistically significant findings at p < .05,†p < .10. Estimates are adjusted for all variables and interactions listed in this table. Country comparisons are within each region. ‡ For the female sample there were only 3 countries for comparison within Southern Africa since the Lesotho female data set did not contain data regarding alcohol consumption during last sex.