Table 3.
Distribution of specific lesions in tissues of naturally WNV infected birds
|
Order* |
ANSE |
CHAR |
CICO |
FALC |
GALL |
PASS |
PELE |
PHOE |
PSIT |
STRI |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family♦ | ANAT | LARI | ARDE | ACCI | FALC | PHAS | CORV | LANI | PASS | PHAL | PHOE | PSIT | STRI |
|
Reference |
[25,71,124] |
[71] |
[71] |
[20,26,42,71,89,91,117,119] |
[20,42] |
[71,83,122] |
[71,80,118,120] |
[81] |
[121] |
[71] |
[71] |
[87,123] |
[42,66,71,79,82,90,91,119] |
|
TISSUE/Lesion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BRAIN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neuronal necrosis-degeneration |
+ |
- |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
| Neuronal vacuolization |
- |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
| Meningeal inflammatory infiltrates |
+ |
- |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
| Gliosis |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Perivascular cuffs |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Glial nodules |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
| Vasculitis |
- |
- |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Hemorrhage |
- |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
|
SPINAL CORD |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Neuronal necrosis-degeneration |
+ |
ND |
ND |
- |
ND |
ND |
ND |
NT |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
+ |
ND |
ND |
+ |
ND |
ND |
ND |
NT |
ND |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
|
EYE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Retinal cell necrosis |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
- |
- |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
+ |
|
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
NT |
ND |
- |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
|
HEART |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Myofibril necrosis |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
| Myocytolisis-mineralization |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Vasculitis |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Hemorrhage |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
|
SPLEEN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Lymphoid cell necrosis/apoptosis |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
| Fibrin deposition |
- |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Lymphoid cell depletion |
- |
ND |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Hemosiderosis |
+ |
ND |
- |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Hemorrhage |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
ND |
- |
- |
|
LIVER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Hepatocyte necrosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Kupffer cell necrosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
| Vasculitis |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
LIVER |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Biliary duct hyperplasia |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
| Hemosiderosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
| Hemorrhage |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
KIDNEY |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Tubular epithelial cell necrosis |
- |
ND |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
| Glomerular cell necrosis |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Vasculitis |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
| Hemorrhage |
+ |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
- |
- |
|
LUNG |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cellular necrosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
+ |
ND |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Vasculitis |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
| Edema |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
|
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Enterocyte necrosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
| Intestinal crypt cell necrosis |
- |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
+ |
- |
ND |
- |
- |
+ |
+ |
| Hemorrhage |
+ |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
- |
+ |
- |
ND |
- |
+ |
- |
- |
|
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pancreatic acinar cell necrosis |
+ |
ND |
ND |
- |
ND |
+ |
- |
+ |
ND |
- |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Pancreatic inflammatory infiltrates |
- |
ND |
ND |
+ |
ND |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| Adrenal gland cell necrosis |
ND |
ND |
ND |
- |
NT |
ND |
- |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
+ |
- |
| Adrenal inflammatory infiltrates |
ND |
ND |
ND |
+ |
NT |
ND |
+ |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
+ |
+ |
| Thyroid gland cell necrosis |
+ |
NT |
NT |
- |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
| Thyroid inflammatory infiltrates |
- |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
|
OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS | |||||||||||||
| Bursal epithelial cell atrophy-apoptosis |
- |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
- |
NT |
NT |
ND |
+ |
| Bursal lymphoid cell atrophy-apoptosis |
- |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
NT |
NT |
ND |
+ |
| Thymic lymphoid cell necrosis |
+ |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
- |
+ |
|
GONADS |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cellular necrosis |
ND |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
ND |
NT |
ND |
NT |
ND |
ND |
- |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
ND |
ND |
ND |
- |
- |
ND |
NT |
ND |
NT |
ND |
ND |
- |
+ |
|
SKELETAL MUSCLE |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Myofibril degeneration-necrosis |
ND |
NT |
NT |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
+ |
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
ND |
NT |
NT |
+ |
+ |
+ |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
+ |
| Fibrosis |
ND |
NT |
NT |
+ |
- |
- |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
- |
+ |
|
SKIN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Inflammatory infiltrates |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
NT |
NT |
NT |
+ |
- |
|
BONE MARROW |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Cellular necrosis |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
NT |
- |
+ |
NT |
NT |
NT |
NT |
ND |
ND |
| Hypercellularity | NT | NT | NT | ND | NT | + | - | NT | NT | NT | NT | ND | ND |
*ANSE Anseriformes, CHAR Charadriiformes, CICO Ciconiiformes, FALC Falconiformes, GALL Galliformes, PASS Passeriformes, PELE Pelecaniformes, PHOE Phoenicopteriformes, PSIT Psittaciformes, STRI Sitrigiformes.
♦ANAT Anatidae, LARI Laridae, ARDE Ardeidae, ACCI Accipitridae, FALC Falconidae, PHAS Phasianidae, CORV Corvidae, LANI Laniidae, PASS Passeridae, PHAL Phalacrocoracidae, PHOE Phoenicopteridae, PSIT Psittacidae, STRI Strigidae.
ND: No described lesion. Tissues that were taken during necropsy but for which there are no lesions described.
NT: Tissue not tested. Tissue not analyzed in the necropsy.
+ Lesion present. Lesion described by at least one author for the tissue.
- Lesion absent. Lesion stated as absent or not specifically described by any author for the tissue.