Table 1. Global summary for maize, rice, wheat, and soybean.

	MAIZE	RICE	WHEAT	SOYBEAN
Mean yield change per year (% per year)	1.6	1.0	0.9	1.3
Mean yield change per year (kg/ha/year/year)	84	40	27	31
Projected average yield in 2025 (tons/ha/year)	6.5	4.9	3.4	3.0
Projected average yield in 2050 (tons/ha/year)	8.6	5.9	4.1	3.8
Projected production in 2025 (million tons/year) at fixed crop harvested areas of 2008	1016	760	741	275
Projected production in 2050 (million tons/year) at fixed crop harvested areas of 2008	1343	915	891	347
Projected production shortfall in 2025, as compared to the rate that doubles production by 2050 (million tons/year)	100	160	157	43
Projected production shortfall in 2050, as compared to the rate that doubles production by 2050 (million tons/year)	247	394	388	107
Required extra land (million hectares) to produce the shortfall at 2025 projected yields	15	33	46	14
Required extra land (million hectares) to produce the shortfall at 2050 projected yields	29	67	95	28
Yield in the year 2008 (tons/ha/year)	5.2	4.4	3.1	2.4
90 percent confidence limit in yield change (%/year)	0.8–2.4	0.5–1.4	0.1–1.8	0.3–2.0
90 percent confidence limit in yield change (kg/ha/year/year)	41–124	21–58	4–52	6–50
90 percent confidence limit in production in 2025 (million tons/year) at fixed crop harvested areas of 2008	848–1203	687–846	599–898	214–328
90 percent confidence limit in production in 2050 (million tons/year) at fixed crop harvested areas of 2008	1009–1686	769–1072	618–1182	228–442

As an example consider yields and production in 2025 – the short term – and numbers by 2050 due to current rates of yield change. See Supplementary Data file for yield change rates per country.