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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 19.
Published in final edited form as: Antioxid Redox Signal. 2008 Feb;10(2):303–319. doi: 10.1089/ars.2007.1903

FIG. 4. Potential signaling pathways mediating ROS induction of PAI-1 by TGF-β and TNF-α.

FIG. 4

TGF-β and TNF-α increase ROS production, which, by activating the MAPK pathways and/or the NF-κB pathway, increase the transcription rate of the PAI-1 gene.