Table 2.
Percent change in relative gene expression, in the cerebellum and hippocampus of exercised compared to sedentary mice assessed by qRT-PCR in brains of adolescent male mice that were sedentary (n = 10) or exercised with voluntary wheel running (n = 9) for 1 week prior to sacrifice. Gene expression changes that were significant (p < .05) are presented in the table. Positive values indicate percent increased expression and negative values indicate percent decreased expression.
| Gene | Gene function | % change in runners relative to sedentary group |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerebellum | Hippocampus | ||
| Bdnf | Mediates activity-dependent synaptic modulation (Lu, 2003) | 21* | 128 |
| Calb1 | Synaptic plasticity (Schmidt, 2012) | NS | 16 |
| CamK4 | Activates new protein synthesis required for synaptic potentiation (Toyoda et al., 2010) | 13 | NS |
| Cbln1 | Synaptogenesis and maintenance; predominates in cerebellum (Yuzaki, 2011) | 21 | 36 |
| Csk | Regulates synaptic vesicle trafficking (Messa et al., 2010) | NS | NS |
| Fmr1 | Regulates RNA trafficking to dendrites (Zukin et al., 2009) | 9 | 14 |
| Grid2 | Primarily localized to Purkinje cells and regulates synaptic plasticity (Yuzaki, 2003, 2004) | NS | NS |
| Ncs1 | Synaptic transmission, colocalizes to synaptophysin in cerebellum and hippocampus (Jinno et al., 2004; Noh et al., 2005) | −9 | −23 |
| Reln | Modulates presynaptic neurotransmitter release and stimulates dendritic spine mRNA translation (Dong et al., 2003; Hellwig et al., 2011) | 27 | NS |
| Syn1 | Fine tuning of neuronal plasticity via directing trafficking of synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals (Cesca et al., 2010) | NS | 20 |
| Syp | Regulates synaptic vesicle retrieval following neuronal stimulation (Kwon and Chapman, 2011) | NS | 20 |
| Esr1 | Mediates spinogenesis at localized synaptic sites and regulates Bdnf expression (Mukai et al., 2010; Solum and Handa, 2002) | NS | −31 |
| Esr2 | Regulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity by increasing presynaptic proteins (Liu et al., 2008) | NS | NS |
Bdnf = brain derived growth factor, Calb = calbindin d28k, Camk4 = calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 4, Cbln1 = cerebellin 1 precursor protein, Csk = c-src, Fmr1 = fragile X mental retardation protein, Grid2 = glutamate receptor, Ncs = neuronal calcium sensor 1 Reln = reelin, Syn = synapsin, Syp = synaptophysin, Esr1 = estrogen receptor α, Esr2 = estrogen receptor β, NS = not significant.
p < .07.