Table 5.
In-hospital diagnoses and morbidities
| Outcome 1/ | Group
|
Adjusted Relative Risk CHD vs. No Birth Defect (95% CI) 2/ | Adjusted P-value 2/ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHD | No Birth Defect | |||
|
| ||||
| Infants who survived > 12 h | N=105 | N=12034 | ||
| PDA, n (%) | 65 (62) | 5481 (46) | 1.52 (1.30–1.78) | <0.001 |
| NEC, n (%) | 13 (12) | 1271 (11) | 1.23 (0.73–2.04) | 0.4 |
| Seizures, n (%) | 9 (9) | 1183 (10) | 0.99 (0.54–1.81) | 0.9 |
| Infants who survived > 3 days | N=98 | N=11253 | ||
| Late-onset sepsis, n (%) | 42 (43) | 4422 (39) | 1.18 (0.95–1.46) | 0.1 |
| Infants who had a cranial sonogram w/in 28 days | N=99 | N=11594 | ||
| Severe ICH, n (%)3/ | 14 (14) | 2087 (18) | 0.96 (0.60–1.56) | 0.9 |
| Infants who had a cranial sonogram w/in 28 days or after 28 days 4/ | N=99 | N=11628 | ||
| PVL, n (%) | 5 (5) | 612 (5) | 1.02 (0.43–2.41) | 0.9 |
| Severe ICH or PVL, n (%) | 18 (18) | 2331 (20) | 1.07 (0.71–1.62) | 0.7 |
| Infants still in the hospital at 28 days who had a ROP exam | N=69 | N=9206 | ||
| ROP, n (%) | 47 (68) | 6395 (69) | 1.08 (0.94–1.24) | 0.3 |
| ROP stage 3 or higher, n (%) | 14 (20) | 1969 (21) | 1.11 (0.72–1.69) | 0.6 |
| Infants alive at 36 w PMA | N=71 | N=9503 | ||
| BPD, n (%) 5/ | 41 (58) | 4716 (50) | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | 0.2 |
| Infants with growth measurements at 36 w PMA, | ||||
| Mean (SD) 6/ | N=68 | N=8794 | ||
| Weight (g) | 1648 (479) | 1824 (389) | NA | 0.02 |
| Length (cm) | 40 (3.9) | 41 (2.9) | NA | 0.3 |
| Head circumference (cm) | 29 (2.4) | 30 (1.8) | NA | <0.001 |
PDA=patent ductus arteriosus; NEC=necrotizing enterocolitis; ICH=intracranial hemorrhage; PVL=periventricular leukomalacia; ROP=retinopathy of prematurity; BPD=bronchopulmonary dysplasia; SD= standard deviation; NA=not applicable.
Information was missing for infants in the groups shown for PDA: 10 infants; NEC: 2; seizures: 2, Late-onset sepsis: 7; ICH: 7; PVL: 5; ICH/PVL: 40; ROP: 1; ROP stage 3+: 9; BPD: 6 infants. The majority of infants with missing information were in the No Birth Defect group.
CI = confidence interval. Relative risks, CIs, and p-values for categorical outcomes from a modified Poisson regression model fit to each outcome that utilized data from the entire cohort and included study center, gestational age (<23, 23–24, 25–28, 29–32, 33+), SGA, male sex, and birth defect group (CHD, other birth defect, no birth defect). P-values are by the Wald chi-square test and indicate whether risk differs between the groups (relative risk different from 1.0). Adjusted p-value for continuous outcomes (weight, length, head circumference at 36 w PMA) were by the t-test from a linear regression model that included study center, gestational age, SGA, male sex, and birth defect group.
Severe ICH was defined as grade 3 or 4.
PVL was determined based on a sonogram taken within 28 days of birth and/or a sonogram taken after 28 days and closest to 36 weeks PMA. Severe ICH/PVL outcome percents were based on infants with non-missing ICH and PVL outcomes, except that a diagnosis of either condition was sufficient to set the outcome to yes.
BPD was defined as supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks PMA. 85% of surviving infants were still in the hospital at 36 w PMA. BPD was defined based on oxygen use at discharge or transfer for the remainder, unless status at 36 w was known.
Ns shown are infants who have at least one 36 w measurement. In this group of infants, information was missing for weight: 12 infants; length: 970, head circumference: 366.