Table 2.
Characteristics of male and female Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) cohort participants*
| Characteristic | Males, No. (%) (n = 32 144) |
Females, No. (%) (n = 32 894) |
|---|---|---|
| Age, y | ||
| <55 | 7955 (24.75) | 8368 (25.44) |
| 55–59 | 7523 (23.40) | 7897 (24.01) |
| 60–64 | 6038 (18.78) | 5817 (17.68) |
| 65–69 | 5277 (16.42) | 4932 (14.99) |
| ≥70 | 5351 (16.65) | 5880 (17.88) |
| Education | ||
| ≤High school graduate | 4971 (15.51) | 7547 (23.07) |
| Some college | 11 203 (34.94) | 13 589 (41.53) |
| ≥College graduate | 15 885 (49.55) | 11 583 (35.40) |
| Race | ||
| White | 29 817 (93.13) | 30 479 (93.08) |
| Black | 401 (1.25) | 408 (1.25) |
| Hispanic | 277 (0.87) | 298 (0.91) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 804 (2.51) | 905 (2.76) |
| Native American | 472 (1.47) | 490 (1.50) |
| Other race | 245 (0.77) | 165 (0.50) |
| Height, in | ||
| <65 | 452 (1.41) | 15 949 (48.49) |
| 65–68 | 6400 (19.91) | 14 788 (44.96) |
| 69–71 | 13 052 (40.60) | 1953 (5.94) |
| >71 | 12 240 (38.08) | 204 (0.62) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||
| <25 | 8673 (27.41) | 12 932 (41.12) |
| 25–29.9 | 15 399 (48.66) | 10 573 (33.62) |
| ≥30 | 7571 (23.93) | 7944 (25.26) |
| Average physical activity over prior 10 years (MET-hours/week) | ||
| None | 4695 (14.80) | 4750 (14.64) |
| <4.37 | 7251 (22.86) | 10 889 (33.55) |
| 4.38–13.65 | 8868 (27.96) | 9487 (29.23) |
| >13.65 | 10 906 (34.38) | 7327 (22.58) |
| Alcohol consumption at age 45, drinks/day | ||
| 0 | 5154 (16.51) | 7583 (23.68) |
| <1 | 15 515 (49.69) | 19 899 (62.14) |
| 1–2 | 5089 (16.30) | 2781 (8.68) |
| ≥2 | 5467 (17.51) | 1761 (5.50) |
| Smoking, pack-years | ||
| Nonsmoker | 12 622 (39.61) | 18 537 (56.69) |
| ≤7.5 | 4998 (15.68) | 5288 (16.17) |
| 7.6–22.5 | 4521 (14.19) | 3445 (10.54) |
| 22.6–37.5 | 4834 (15.17) | 2870 (8.78) |
| >37.5 | 4892 (15.35) | 2557 (7.82) |
| Fruit and vegetable consumption, servings/day | ||
| ≤2.03 | 9347 (31.33) | 5,673 (18.91) |
| 2.04–3.14 | 8095 (27.13) | 6730 (22.43) |
| 3.15–4.78 | 7276 (24.39) | 7774 (25.91) |
| >4.78 | 5116 (17.15) | 9824 (32.75) |
| Red meat consumption, servings/week | ||
| ≤2.12 | 5627 (18.86) | 9661 (32.20) |
| 2.13–4.12 | 6630 (22.22) | 8030 (26.77) |
| 4.13–6.92 | 7877 (26.40) | 7014 (23.38) |
| >6.92 | 9700 (32.51) | 5296 (17.65) |
* MET = metabolic equivalent of task.