Figure 1.

Dose–response relationship between AngII concentration in the culture media and mRNA expression of TNF-α in whole cell lysate in CATH.a cell culture. A pilot experiment was performed to validate the best concentration and time-point for Ang II stimulation of CATH.a cells, using a concentration range from 10 nM to 1 μM of Ang II in culture medium over a stipulated time course (0–24 h). Results showed that 100 nM (at 6 h) is the lowest concentration of Ang II that exerts maximum effect on TNF-α mRNA expression in CATH.a neurons. The results are means ± SD of three independent experiments (n = 6 per treatment groups in each experiment).