. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 20.

Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2008 Apr 17;3(4):213–223. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2008.02.015

Table 1.

Metabolic pathways from KEGG (Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes) found at significantly higher relative abundance (enriched) or lower relative abundance (depleted) in the Western diet microbiome relative to the CARB-R microbiome^*

	Metabolic pathway
Enriched	Phosphotransferase system (PTS)
	Fructose and mannose metabolism
	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
	Glutamate metabolism
	Carbon fixation^**
	Unclassified (non-enzyme)
	Pyrimidine metabolism
	Protein export
	Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis
	Oxidative phosphorylation
Depleted	ABC transporters
	Bacterial chemotaxis
	Bacterial motility proteins
	Flagellar assembly
	Protein kinases
	Two-component system
	Pentose and glucuronate interconversions
	Other amino acid metabolism
	Starch and sucrose metabolism
	Ribosome

Based on bootstrap analysis of pathway relative abundance in the Western versus CARB-R microbiome (p<0.05; Rodriguez-Brito et al., 2006)

^**

Assignments to this KEGG pathway include a number of genes that are also involved in glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, fructose/mannose metabolism, and other pathways. Genes encoding ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, which catalyzes the primary step in carbon fixation, were not found in the microbiome datasets.