Table 1.
Characteristics of patients hospitalized with heart failure, 1999–2008
| 1999–2000 | 2001–2002 | 2003–2004 | 2005–2006 | 2007–2008 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of HF hosp | 1017410 | 1026363 | 1048103 | 953706 | 820727 |
| Age (mean, SD) | 79.0 (7.7) | 79.1 (7.8) | 79.3 (7.8) | 79.6 (7.9) | 79.9 (8.0) |
| Female | 598993 (58.9) | 599416 (58.4) | 601251 (57.4) | 536431 (56.2) | 457174 (55.7) |
| White | 860860 (84.6) | 864831 (84.3) | 880764 (84.0) | 798581 (83.7) | 688680 (83.9) |
| Black | 114804 (11.3) | 119665 (11.7) | 123185 (11.8) | 113358 (11.9) | 95707 (11.7) |
| Other race | 41746 (4.1) | 41867 (4.1) | 44154 (4.2) | 41767 (4.4) | 36340 (4.4) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Cardiovascular conditions and risk factors | |||||
| Coronary artery disease | 564365 (55.5) | 583036 (56.8) | 602460 (57.5) | 541162 (56.7) | 454815 (55.4) |
| Prior heart failure | 309219 (30.4) | 322255 (31.4) | 334472 (31.9) | 306133 (32.1) | 264651 (32.2) |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 73613 (7.2) | 76880 (7.5) | 75265 (7.2) | 63452 (6.7) | 55166 (6.7) |
| Unstable angina | 63460 (6.2) | 57987 (5.6) | 48696 (4.6) | 35535 (3.7) | 26455 (3.2) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 72217 (7.1) | 77437 (7.5) | 80431 (7.7) | 72063 (7.6) | 63020 (7.7) |
| Stroke | 16627 (1.6) | 16275 (1.6) | 15581 (1.5) | 14134 (1.5) | 12354 (1.5) |
| Cerebrovascular disease other than stroke | 50941 (5.0) | 48807 (4.8) | 44433 (4.2) | 35473 (3.7) | 29676 (3.6) |
| Hypertension | 487460 (47.9) | 532256 (51.9) | 564108 (53.8) | 502223 (52.7) | 499978 (60.9) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 373151 (36.7) | 397640 (38.7) | 408184 (38.9) | 366621 (38.4) | 307059 (37.4) |
| Geriatric conditions | |||||
| Dementia | 94031 (9.2) | 102191 (10.0) | 109615 (10.5) | 102154 (10.7) | 91619 (11.2) |
| Functional disability | 24392 (2.4) | 24045 (2.3) | 22636 (2.2) | 18106 (1.9) | 17606 (2.1) |
| Malnutrition | 31327 (3.1) | 31241 (3.0) | 35052 (3.3) | 36011 (3.8) | 40134 (4.9) |
| Other Medical conditions | |||||
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 331241 (32.6) | 353538 (34.4) | 376219 (35.9) | 352487 (37.0) | 286107 (34.9) |
| Pneumonia | 147932 (14.5) | 158486 (15.4) | 168679 (16.1) | 180319 (18.9) | 185769 (22.6) |
| Respiratory Failure | 46759 (4.6) | 49056 (4.8) | 52755 (5.0) | 56480 (5.9) | 66693 (8.1) |
| Liver disease | 10806 (1.1) | 11397 (1.1) | 12522 (1.2) | 11772 (1.2) | 10246 (1.2) |
| Renal Failure | 80998 (8.0) | 96269 (9.4) | 116556 (11.1) | 146920 (15.4) | 164497 (20.0) |
| Other Non-medical conditions | |||||
| Major psychiatric disorder | 21094 (2.1) | 21732 (2.1) | 21237 (2.0) | 17252 (1.8) | 16861 (2.1) |
| Depression | 59387 (5.8) | 68443 (6.7) | 74062 (7.1) | 62283 (6.5) | 51582 (6.3) |
| Trauma in past year | 47445 (4.7) | 52321 (5.1) | 58493 (5.6) | 54851 (5.8) | 49036 (6.0) |
| Mean length of stay, days (SD) | 6.8 (5.8) | 6.8 (5.6) | 6.6 (5.4) | 6.5 (5.2) | 6.4 (5.2) |
Abbreviations: HF, heart failure; SD, standard deviation. Other race includes Asian, Hispanic, North American Native, or other not specified. Comparison across years of patient characteristics using Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test for linear association for categorical variables and Cuzick test for continuous variables using 2-sided test. All p-values <0.001.