The N-terminal 16 amino acids of 16E1∧E4 are sufficient for keratin association. (A) The fragments of 16E1∧E4 that were fused to GFP are shown diagrammatically (red line, E1∧E4; green line, GFP). Mut1 contains the N-terminal 16 amino acids of 16E1∧E4, including the LLKLL motif. Mut2 has a deletion at amino acid 2, whereas Mut3 has a deletion at amino acid 3. Mut4 contains only the LLKLL motif fused to GFP. Cos7 cells were transfected for 24 h with the GFP-fused 16E1∧E4 wt protein (B), Mut1 (C), Mut2 (D), or Mut3 (E). After transfection, the cells were fixed with 5% formaldehyde and double stained with antibody to keratins (middle column; red) before being counterstained with DAPI (blue), which is visible in the merged images.