Table 3.
Changes in scores on influential determinants of adherence after the Quality Improvement in Physical Therapy programme (1 = disagree to 5 = agree)
| Nitems | α |
Pretest mean (SD) |
Post-test mean (SD) |
t | df | p | Effect size Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 25) | (n = 25) | |||||||
|
Individual level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Attention paid to the guideline |
2 |
0.70 |
3.3 (0.6) |
4.0 (0.6) |
−4.047 |
24 |
.000** |
1.17c |
| Compatibility with way of working |
4 |
0.70 |
3.3 (0.6) |
3.5 (0.6) |
−1.342 |
24 |
.192 |
0.33b |
| Compatibility with patient demands |
3 |
0.78 |
3.2 (0.8) |
3.6 (0.5) |
−3.166 |
24 |
.004** |
0.60c |
| Flexibility of the guideline |
5 |
0.87 |
3.5 (0.6) |
3.8 (0.5) |
−2.120 |
24 |
.045* |
0.54b |
| Communicability of the guideline |
3 |
0.82 |
4.0 (0.6) |
4.2 (0.5) |
−1.454 |
24 |
.159 |
0.36b |
| Visibility of results of the guideline |
4 |
0.89 |
2.9 (0.8) |
3.3 (0.8) |
−2.520 |
24 |
.019* |
0.50b |
| Feeling pride/confidence |
6 |
0.86 |
3.0 (0.7) |
3.6 (0.6) |
−4.688 |
24 |
.000** |
0.92c |
| Feeling uncomfortable |
6 |
0.81 |
3.0 (0.6) |
2.5 (0.5) |
3.594 |
24 |
.001** |
- 0.90c |
| Self-efficacy to apply questionnaires (behavioural SE) |
5 |
0.71 |
3.5 (0.6) |
4.0 (0.5) |
−4.804 |
24 |
.000** |
0.90c |
| Self-efficacy to overcome barriers (tensional SE) |
2 |
0.82 |
3.0 (0.8) |
3.6 (0.8) |
−3.343 |
24 |
.003** |
0.75c |
| Self-efficacy towards perceived social pressure (social SE) |
5 |
0.84 |
3.6 (0.5) |
3.9 (0.5) |
−2.031 |
23 |
.031* |
0.60c |
| Self-efficacy to explain hands off policy to patients |
1 |
-- |
3.8 (0.7) |
4.2 (0.6) |
−1.995 |
24 |
.058 |
0.61c |
| Self-efficacy to deal with psychosocial factors |
1 |
-- |
3.5 (1.0) |
3.9 (0.7) |
−2.089 |
24 |
.047* |
0.46b |
| Potential losses |
5 |
0.85 |
2.0 (0.6) |
1.7 (0.7) |
1.815 |
24 |
.082 |
- 0.46b |
| Social norm of colleagues |
2 |
0.72 |
2.8 (0.8) |
3.4 (0.8) |
−3.055 |
24 |
.005** |
0.75c |
| Social norm: perceived behaviour of peers |
1 |
-- |
2.9 (1.2) |
3.3 (1.2) |
−1.809 |
24 |
.083 |
0.33b |
| Motivation to comply with colleagues |
3 |
0.58 |
3.1 (0.7) |
3.4 (0.7) |
−2.413 |
24 |
.024** |
0.43b |
| Social norm of patient |
1 |
-- |
2.7 (1.1) |
2.8 (0.8) |
−0.146 |
24 |
.885 |
0.10a |
| Motivation to comply with patient |
1 |
-- |
4.1 (0.7) |
4.0 (0.8) |
1.000 |
24 |
.327 |
- 0.13a |
| Barriers logistic |
5 |
0.81 |
2.6 (0.7) |
2.3 (0.9) |
1.394 |
24 |
.176 |
- 0.37b |
| Barriers working part time |
1 |
-- |
1.5 (0.8) |
1.4 (0.7) |
0.225 |
24 |
.824 |
- 0.13a |
| Barriers market directed care |
1 |
-- |
2.2 (1.0) |
2.0 (1.1) |
1.238 |
24 |
.228 |
- 0.19a |
| Incompatibility other guidelines |
2 |
0.69 |
2.0 (0.7) |
1.8 (0.7) |
1.429 |
24 |
.166 |
- 0.29a |
| Feeling uncertain about position |
3 |
0.76 |
2.4 (0.6) |
1.9 (0.6) |
2.850 |
24 |
.009** |
- 0.83c |
|
Practice level |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Regular deliberative meetings |
1 |
-- |
3.4 (1.0) |
3.9 (0.6) |
−2.701 |
24 |
.012* |
0.61c |
| Practice arrangements about treatment of patients with low back pain |
1 |
-- |
2.6 (1.4) |
3.5 (1.3) |
−3.366 |
24 |
.003** |
0.67c |
| Guideline is part of practices routine |
1 |
-- |
3.0 (0.9) |
3.3 (1.1) |
−1.572 |
24 |
.129 |
0.30a |
| Arrangements with other disciplines |
2 |
0.82 |
2.3 (1.1) |
2.6 (1.3) |
−1.664 |
23 |
.110 |
0.25a |
| Culture of education/training |
1 |
-- |
4.3 (0.7) |
4.2 (0.7) |
0.527 |
24 |
.603 |
- 0.14a |
| Handling measurement instruments |
1 |
-- |
2.4 (0.9) |
3.3 (1.1) |
−4.028 |
24 |
.000** |
0.90c |
| Availability guidelines/instruments |
3 |
0.79 |
4.5 (0.6) |
4.6 (0.5) |
−1.372 |
24 |
.183 |
0.20a |
| Supportive practice culture | 3 | 0.65 | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.5) | 0.249 | 24 | .805 | 0.0 |
**p < .01, *p < .05, #p < .10.
a = small ES, b = medium ES, c = large ES.