Table 2. Fos expression in various brain areas after 4/6NX and its treatment with losartan and moxonidine.
| Sham-operated rats (Grade) | 4/6NX rats | ||||||
| Placebo | Losartan | Moxonidine | |||||
| Grade | Δ vs. Sh-P | Δ vs. 4/6NX-P | Δ vs. Sh-P | Δ vs. 4/6NX-P | Δ vs. Sh-P | ||
| Biogenic amine cell groups | |||||||
| locus coeruleus | 0.75 | 2.00 | +1.25 | −1.25 | 0 | −1.75 | −0.50 |
| A1 NA cell group | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A5 NA cell group | 1.00 | 0.25 | −0.75 | 0 | −0.75 | 0 | −0.75 |
| C1 A cell group | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| substantia nigra/VTA | 0 | 0.25 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 |
| dorsal raphe nucleus | 0.25 | 0.75 | +0.50 | −0.50 | 0 | 0 | +0.50 |
| medullary raphe nuclei | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −0.50 | −0.50 |
| tuberomamillary nucleus | 2.00 | 2.50 | +0.50 | −0.75 | −0.25 | −0.50 | 0 |
| Salt and water homeostasis | |||||||
| supraoptic nucleus | 1.50 | 1.00 | −0.50 | 0 | −0.50 | 0 | −0.50 |
| magnocellular PVN | 1.00 | 0.25 | −0.75 | 0 | −0.75 | +1.50 | −0.75 |
| preoptic AV3V area | 0.50 | 1.00 | +0.50 | 0 | +0.50 | 0 | +0.50 |
| Blood-brain barrier free | |||||||
| OVLT | 1.00 | 1.50 | +0.50 | 0 | +0.50 | −0.50 | 0 |
| subfornical organ | 0 | 0 | 0 | +0.75 | +0.75 | 0 | 0 |
| area postrema | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stress-related brain areas | |||||||
| parvocellular PVN | 1.75 | 1.75 | 0 | 0 | 0 | −0.50 | −0.50 |
| dorsomedial nucleus | 1.25 | 2.00 | +0.75 | 0 | +0.75 | −0.50 | +0.25 |
| supramamillary nucleus | 1.50 | 2.25 | +0.75 | −0.50 | +0.25 | −1.00 | −0.25 |
| lateral hypothalamic area | 1.25 | 1.50 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 | −1.00 | −0.75 |
| lateral septal nucleus | 2.00 | 2.25 | +0.25 | −1.25 | −1.00 | −0.50 | −0.25 |
| central amygdala | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pain-related brain areas | |||||||
| somatosensory cortex | 1.50 | 2.50 | +1.00 | −0.75 | +0.25 | −1.50 | −0.50 |
| viscerosensory cortex | 1.25 | 1.50 | +0.25 | +0.25 | +0.50 | −0.50 | −0.25 |
| nucl. of the solitary tract | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| PAG (central gray), dorsolat. | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Limbic brain areas | |||||||
| prefrontal cortex | 1.00 | 2.00 | +1.00 | +0.50 | +1.50 | −1.25 | −0.25 |
| piriform cortex | 2.25 | 2.50 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 | −1.25 | −1.00 |
| anterior cingulate cortex | 0.50 | 1.50 | +1.00 | −0.50 | +0.50 | −1.25 | −0.25 |
| Hippocampus (CAs+DG) | 0.50 | 0.75 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 | 0 | +0.25 |
| subiculum | 0.25 | 1.00 | +0.75 | −0.75 | 0 | −0.75 | 0 |
| olfactory tubercle | 1.00 | 2.00 | +1.00 | 0 | +1.00 | −1.00 | 0 |
P: placebo; Grade: grading of c-fos expression (as given in Methods section); Δ: change; Sh: sham-operated; NA: noradrenaline; A: adrenaline; VTA: ventral tegmental area; PVN: paraventricular nucleus; OVLT: organum vasculosum laminae terminalis; PAG: periaqueductal gray matter; dorsolat.: dorsolateral; CAs: anterior commissure; DG: dentate gyrus.