Table 4. Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of being overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2) as a young-adult (age 20–29 years) according to infant growth status between target ages: Rapid Weight-for-Age growth (Δ≥0.67 Z score) vs. Non-rapid Weight-for-Age growth (Δ<0.67 Z score).
| Rapid Growth - Metric: WHO Weight for Age | |||
| Outcome | Target Age (Months) | aNovwt/Nrapid | Rapid GrowthOR (95% CI) |
| Overweight | 0–1 | 1/2 | NA |
| 0–3 | 3/13 | 1.07 (0.27–4.25) | |
| 0–6 | 19/73 | 1.69 (0.84–3.41) | |
| 0–9 | 28/134 | 0.91 (0.50–1.68) | |
| 0–12 | 42/170 | 1.60 (0.90–2.84) | |
| 0–18 | 42/168 | 1.54 (0.88–2.71) | |
| 0–24 | 37/138 | 2.04 (1.11–3.74) | |
| 1–3 | 0/6 | NA | |
| 1–6 | 20/71 | 1.88 (0.93–3.77) | |
| 1–9 | 40/165 | 1.46 (0.82–2.58) | |
| 1–12 | 55/211 | 1.97 (1.12–3.46) | |
| 1–18 | 54/208 | 1.55 (0.89–2.68) | |
| 1–24 | 44/163 | 1.80 (1.02–3.18) | |
| 3–6 | 24/76 | 2.20 (1.12–4.33) | |
| 3–9 | 65/260 | 1.59 (0.91–2.79) | |
| 3–12 | 76/305 | 1.65 (0.91–3.00) | |
| 3–18 | 75/282 | 2.01 (1.12–3.60) | |
| 3–24 | 61/222 | 1.77 (1.04–3.04) | |
| 6–9 | 16/34 | 4.71 (1.86–11.94) | |
| 6–12 | 44/151 | 1.78 (1.03–3.11) | |
| 6–18 | 47/151 | 2.15 (1.26–3.69) | |
| 6–24 | 35/117 | 1.59 (0.91–2.78) | |
| 12–24 | 4/9 | 2.45 (0.53–11.27) | |
-Overall N = 422, 101 overweight young adults (BMI≥25 kg/m2).
-Target age represents the beginning and end point of the growth period, e.g. 0–1 is birth to1 month.
-Rapid infant growth: (Δ≥0.67 Z score of WHO weight-for-age standard) ∼ change in centile on growth chart.
- OR (95% CI) represents estimate for rapid growth (Δ≥0.67) between target ages compared to non-rapid growth (Δ<0.67 Z score) (OR = 1.00).
- aNovwt/ Nrapid = Number who became overweight as young adults in the group who experienced rapid growth between target age points.
-All models adjusted for sex, gestational age at birth, age at adulthood obesity assessment, birth year, maternal and paternal age and BMI and birth weight-for-age Z-score.