Table 4. The area under the receiver operating characteristics and predictabilities of multiple markers for progression of diabetesa by logistic regression models.b .
| Multiple markers | AUC (95% CI) | P valuec | Incremental AUC above 0.5d (%) | Sensitivity(%) (95% CI) | Specificity(%) (95% CI) | Positive likelihood ratio |
| Men ( N = 5142) | ||||||
| FPG+HbA1c | 0.895 (0.877–0.914) | 83.7 (78.6–88.0) | 80.5 (79.4–81.6) | 4.29 | ||
| FPG+HbA1c+triglycerides | 0.896 (0.878–0.915) | 0.42 | 0.3 | 84.0 (79.0–88.3) | 81.8 (80.6–82.8) | 4.61 |
| FPG+HbA1c+LDL-cholesterol | 0.895 (0.876–0.914) | 0.36 | −0.2 | 84.4 (79.4–88.6) | 80.1 (78.9–81.2) | 4.23 |
| FPG+HbA1c+HDL-cholesterol | 0.897 (0.878–0.915) | <0.01 | 0.4 | 84.8 (79.8–89.0) | 79.9 (78.7–81.0) | 4.22 |
| FPG+HbA1c+ AST | 0.898 (0.880–0.916) | 0.07 | 0.7 | 92.2 (88.2–95.2) | 71.9 (70.6–73.2) | 3.28 |
| FPG+HbA1c+ALT | 0.904 (0.887–0.921) | 0.02 | 2.3 | 83.7 (78.6–88.0) | 83.1 (82.0–84.1) | 4.94 |
| FPG+HbA1c+GGT | 0.879 (0.858–0.900) | <0.01 | −4.0 | 82.5 (77.3–86.9) | 80.2 (79.1–81.3) | 4.17 |
| FPG+HbA1c+white blood cell count | 0.896 (0.877–0.915) | 0.03 | 0.2 | 83.3 (78.1–87.6) | 81.5 (80.3–82.5) | 4.49 |
| FPG+HbA1c+uric acid | 0.895 (0.877–0.914) | 0.67 | 0.0 | 84.4 (79.4–88.6) | 80.1 (79.0–81.2) | 4.25 |
| FPG+HbA1c+creatinine | 0.892 (0.873–0.911) | 0.05 | −0.9 | 84.8 (79.8–89.0) | 78.9 (77.8–80.1) | 4.03 |
| FPG+HbA1c+age | 0.896 (0.878–0.915) | 0.19 | 0.3 | 83.3 (78.1–87.6) | 81.5 (80.3–82.5) | 4.49 |
| FPG+HbA1c+body mass index | 0.898 (0.880–0.916) | 0.02 | 0.8 | 88.3 (83.8–92.0) | 77.4 (76.2–78.5) | 3.90 |
| FPG+HbA1c+systolic blood pressure | 0.894 (0.876–0.913) | 0.07 | −0.2 | 84.8 (79.8–89.0) | 79.6 (78.5–80.7) | 4.16 |
| FPG+HbA1c+diastolic blood pressure | 0.895 (0.876–0.914) | 0.95 | 0.0 | 83.7 (78.6–88.0) | 80.3 (79.2–81.4) | 4.25 |
| Women ( N = 4847) | ||||||
| FPG+HbA1c | 0.938 (0.916–0.960) | 92.0 (84.3–96.7) | 81.2 (80.1–82.3) | 4.91 | ||
| FPG+HbA1c+triglycerides | 0.940 (0.919–0.961) | 0.22 | 0.4 | 90.9 (82.9–96.0) | 83.6 (82.5–84.7) | 5.55 |
| FPG+HbA1c+LDL-cholesterol | 0.938 (0.917–0.960) | 0.45 | 0.1 | 86.4 (77.4–92.8) | 87.5 (86.5–88.4) | 6.91 |
| FPG+HbA1c+HDL-cholesterol | 0.938 (0.917–0.960) | 0.61 | 0.1 | 89.8 (81.5–95.2) | 83.7 (82.6–84.7) | 5.49 |
| FPG+HbA1c+AST | 0.938 (0.916–0.961) | 0.75 | 0.1 | 85.2 (76.1–91.9) | 88.3 (87.3–89.2) | 7.26 |
| FPG+HbA1c+ALT | 0.940 (0.919–0.962) | 0.11 | 0.6 | 93.2 (85.7–97.5) | 81.2 (80.1–82.3) | 4.96 |
| FPG+HbA1c+GGT | 0.938 (0.916–0.960) | 0.81 | 0.0 | 84.1 (74.8–91.0) | 88.9 (88.0–89.8) | 7.58 |
| FPG+HbA1c+white blood cell count | 0.938 (0.917–0.960) | 0.33 | 0.1 | 88.6 (80.1–94.4) | 84.5 (83.4–85.5) | 5.70 |
| FPG+HbA1c+uric acid | 0.938 (0.915–0.960) | 0.78 | 0.0 | 86.4 (77.4–92.8) | 87.0 (86.0–87.9) | 6.62 |
| FPG+HbA1c+creatinine | 0.939 (0.917–0.960) | 0.66 | 0.2 | 90.9 (82.9–96.0) | 83.5 (82.4–84.5) | 5.51 |
| FPG+HbA1c+age | 0.938 (0.916–0.960) | 0.86 | 0.0 | 92.0 (84.3–96.7) | 80.8 (79.6–81.9) | 4.79 |
| FPG+HbA1c+body mass index | 0.939 (0.917–0.960) | 0.48 | 0.2 | 93.2 (85.7–97.5) | 80.7 (79.5–81.8) | 4.82 |
| FPG+HbA1c+systolic blood pressure | 0.938 (0.916–0.960) | 0.93 | 0.0 | 86.4 (77.4–92.8) | 87.2 (86.2–88.1) | 6.75 |
| FPG+HbA1c+diastolic blood pressure | 0.938 (0.916–0.960) | 0.91 | −0.4 | 85.2 (76.1–91.9) | 88.5 (87.5–89.4) | 7.39 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, asparate aminotransferase; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CI, confidence interval; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
a
Diabetes was defined as FPG ≥7.00 mmol/L or from known diabetes.
b
FPG and HbA1c are placed into all models as the basic predictors.
c
P value was for comparing the AUC between base model (FPG+HbA1c) and additional models with multiple markers (FPG+HbA1c+non-glycaemic- non-blood biomarker).
d
Incremental AUC above 0.5 was incremental AUC above 0.5 over base model (FPG+HbA1c).