. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 20.

Published in final edited form as: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011 Feb;141(2):322–327. doi: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2010.10.043

TABLE 1.

Patient demographics

Median age	57 ± 12 y (range, 30–82)
Female	n = 14 (28%)
Hypertension	n = 48 (94%)
Active or recent smoker	n = 27 (53%)
Diabetes	n = 4 (8%)
History of myocardial infarction	n = 2 (4%)
History of stroke	n = 3 (6%)
COPD	n = 9 (18%)
Chronic renal insufficiency (baseline creatinine ≥ 1.5)	n = 12 (24%)

COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.