TABLE 1.
UI (n=6) | SIV (n=10) | AIDS (n=6) | Fold-change | MW P-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Range | Median | Range | Median | Range | SIV/UI | AIDS/UI | SIV/UI | AIDS/UI | |
Chemokines: Increased | ||||||||||
CXCL9a | 2.4b | 1.0 – 10.6 | 25.4b | 5.0 – 44.8 | 28.4b | 5.0 – 44.8 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
CXCL10 | 1.0 | 0.9 – 2.7 | 5.4 | 2.1 – 13.8 | 5.4 | 2.1 – 7.2 | 5.4 | 5.4 | 0.003 | 0.008 |
CXCL11 | 1.4 | 0.9 – 4.9 | 9.0 | 3.5 – 52.3 | 8.2 | 5.6 – 19.2 | 6.4 | 5.9 | 0.002 | 0.005 |
CCL3 | 1.8 | 1.0 – 2.9 | 7.7 | 3.1 – 19.0 | 9.5 | 7.1 – 14.7 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
CCL4 | 1.8 | 0.8 – 3.1 | 3.3 | 1.9 – 7.7 | 4.0 | 2.2 – 7.7 | 1.8 | 2.2 | nsc | ns |
CCL5 | 1.3 | 0.5 – 2.0 | 3.5 | 0.4 – 6.3 | 3.8 | 0.4 – 6.3 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 0.034 | ns |
CCL18 | 1.5 | 0.8 – 4.9 | 5.1 | 1.2 – 40.1 | 9.9 | 1.7 – 40.1 | 3.4 | 6.6 | 0.033 | 0.015 |
CCL23 | 1.2 | 0.6 – 1.7 | 2.5 | 1.0 – 12.2 | 2.7 | 1.2 – 5.4 | 2.1 | 2.2 | ns | ns |
Chemokines: Decreased | ||||||||||
CCL17 | 1.3 | 1.0 – 1.8 | 0.3 | 0.02 – 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.02 – 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
CCL21 | 0.7 | 0.6 – 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 – 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 – 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
CCL25 | 1.1 | 0.6 - 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.01 - 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.04 - 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.045 |
CXCL12 | 1.2 | 0.5 - 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.3 - 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.3 - 1.3 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.045 |
CCL20 | 1.0 | 0.4 - 5.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 - 2.0 | 0.4 | 0.1 - 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.4 | ns | 0.045 |
Chemokine Receptors: Increasedd | ||||||||||
CCR5 | 1.6 | 0.2 - 2.5 | 3.3 | 0.3 - 8.7 | 5.3 | 0.3 - 8.7 | 2.1 | 3.3 | ns | ns |
CXCR3 | 2.0 | 1.0 - 2.8 | 4.1 | 0.1 - 7.1 | 4.1 | 0.1 - 5.7 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.04 | ns |
Chemokine Receptors: Decreasedd | ||||||||||
CCR4 | 1.3 | 0.6 - 2.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 - 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 - 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.011 | 0.008 |
CCR6 | 0.9 | 0.3 - 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.1 - 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.005 | 0.01 |
CCR7 | 1.2 | 1.0 - 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.03 - 2.5 | 0.5 | 0.03 - 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.011 | 0.008 |
CCR8 | 0.6 | 0.03 - 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 - 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.0 - 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.03 | ns | 0.037 |
CCR9 | 1.0 | 0.5 - 1.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.01 | 0.007 |
Cytokines | ||||||||||
IFN-γ | 1.7 | 0.9 - 8.7 | 10.6 | 3.4 - 17.0 | 11.0 | 4.4 - 17.0 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 0.008 | 0.02 |
IL-10 | 1.2 | 0.8 - 4.5 | 2.1 | 1.1 - 3.7 | 2.3 | 1.7 - 3.7 | 1.8 | 1.9 | ns | 0.046 |
TNFα | 1.0 | 0.4 - 1.4 | 0.6 | 0.03 - 1.1 | 0.3 | 0.03 - 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.3 | ns | ns |
IFN-α2 | NDe | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | |||
IFN-β | 1.1 | 0.2 - 3.7 | 1.4 | 0.4 - 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.4 - 2.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | ns | ns |
TGF-β1 | 1.3 | 1.0 - 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.2-1.4 | 0.9 | 0.2-1.1 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.025 | 0.011 |
Other Immune-relevant Markers | ||||||||||
TLR3 | 1.9 | 1.0 - 4.5 | 3.5 | 2.1 - 11.8 | 3.8 | 2.1 - 6.5 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 0.037 | ns |
DC-SIGN | 0.7 | 0.4 - 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.001 | 0.004 |
FOXP3 | 0.9 | 0.7 - 2.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 - 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 - 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.004 | 0.005 |
RORγt | 1.2 | 0.5 - 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 - 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 - 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.011 | 0.016 |
Inclusion criteria for this table were either a greater than 2-fold increase after SIV infection or a p-value <0.05 from a Mann-Whitney nonparametric test (all SIV infected animals versus uninfected controls, or AIDS-developing animals versus uninfected controls). The mRNAs encoding chemokines CCL2, CCL19, CX3CL1, CXCL13, XCL1, CCR1, CCR3, CCR11, CXCR1, CXCR4, CXCR5 and CX3CR1 were also measured but did not change in expression after SIV infection according to these criteria.
The median values provided are for the indicated group (UI, uninfected and two macaques determined to be exposed but uninfected [n=6]; all SIV infected animals, including two acutely infected, two chronically infected, and six AIDS-developing macaques [n=10]; or all animals developing AIDS [n=6]), with the individual animal’s expression values normalized to the β-GUS endogenous control and then normalized to the same uninfected control “calibrator” sample.
Not significant (P>0.05).
Chemokine receptor mRNAs for CCR2, CCR10, CXCR2 and XCR1 mRNAs were not detected.
ND, not detected.