Table 3. The levels of cognitive function in healthy controls, diabetes only, schizophrenia with and without diabetes.
| Cognitive | No schizophrenia | Schizophrenia | Diagnosis A | Diagnosis B | Diagnosis A | |||||
| index | Healthy controls (n = 190) | Diabetes only (n = 72) | Schizophrenia without diabetes (n = 127) | Schizophrenia with diabetes (n = 55) | F (p value) | F (p value) | Diagnosis B F (p value) | |||
| Immediate memory | 78.7±18.3 | 71.8±14.7 | 72.0±18.3 | 64.2±15.0 | 25.5 | (<0.001)a | 19.7 | (<0.001)b | 0.2 | 0.693 |
| Visuospatial/construction | 86.0±13.8 | 85.6±17.6 | 90.0±16.8 | 84.6±21.2 | 2.4 | 0.120 | 3.2 | 0.074 | 1.2 | 0.265 |
| Language | 96.3±11.0 | 90.1±12.9 | 89.6±13.2 | 89.4±13.9 | 7.4 | (<0.01)a | 5.5 | (<0.05)b | 9.9 | (<0.01)c |
| Attention | 89.4±18.5 | 87.6±17.1 | 85.5±15.2 | 80.0±15.7 | 16.7 | (<0.001)a | 10.2 | (<0.001)b | 0.0 | 0.868 |
| Delayed memory | 89.3±14.5 | 81.0±15.0 | 80.0±20.3 | 77.0±19.6 | 22.5 | (<0.001)a | 8.3 | (<0.01)b | 4.7 | (<0.05)c |
| Total RBANS scores | 82.9±14.1 | 78.1±14.0 | 79.2±15.8 | 73.6±14.1 | 14.9 | (<0.001)a | 15.5 | (<0.001)b | 0.7 | 0.388 |
Mean±SD. Diagnosis A (schizophrenia vs no schizophrenia).
a
There were significant effects on diagnosis A. Diagnosis B (diabetes vs no diabetes).
b
There were significant effects on diagnosis B.
c
There were significant effects on diagnosis A × diagnosis B.