Table 1. Descriptive statistics by frequency of antenatal care visits, India, NFHS-2005–06.

Background Characteristics	Full Sample				No visit		1–2 visits		sig- two tailed
	Min.	Max.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.	Mean	Std. Dev.
Regions
Central	0	1	0.40	0.49	0.36	0.48	0.45	0.50	0.000
East	0	1	0.32	0.47	0.42	0.49	0.23	0.42	0.000
Northeast	0	1	0.04	0.20	0.04	0.20	0.04	0.20	0.885
West	0	1	0.08	0.27	0.06	0.25	0.09	0.29	0.000
South	0	1	0.04	0.19	0.04	0.18	0.04	0.20	0.151
North	0	1	0.11	0.32	0.08	0.28	0.14	0.35	0.000
Place of residence
Rural	0	1	0.86	0.34	0.89	0.31	0.84	0.37	0.000
Urban	0	1	0.14	0.34	0.11	0.31	0.16	0.37	0.000
Religion
Muslim religion	0	1	0.19	0.39	0.19	0.40	0.18	0.39	0.312
Others religion	0	1	0.65	0.48	0.61	0.49	0.68	0.47	0.000
Hindu	0	1	0.78	0.42	0.77	0.42	0.79	0.41	0.134
Caste
Scheduled caste	0	1	0.23	0.42	0.26	0.44	0.21	0.41	0.000
Scheduled tribe	0	1	0.12	0.33	0.12	0.33	0.12	0.32	0.493
Others	0	1	0.03	0.18	0.04	0.19	0.03	0.17	0.212
Wealth index
Poorest	0	1	0.38	0.49	0.45	0.50	0.31	0.46	0.000
Poorer	0	1	0.30	0.46	0.29	0.46	0.30	0.46	0.657
Middle	0	1	0.18	0.39	0.17	0.38	0.19	0.39	0.084
Richer	0	1	0.10	0.30	0.06	0.24	0.14	0.34	0.000
Richest	0	1	0.04	0.20	0.02	0.14	0.06	0.24	0.000
Respondent age
Age	15	49	25.79	5.61	26.44	5.89	25.16	5.26	0.000
Age square	225	2401	696.40	319.09	733.54	339.75	660.75	293.58	0.000
Respondent education
Year of education	0	7	1.10	1.85	0.74	1.57	1.43	2.03	0.000
Year of education square	0	49	4.63	9.29	3.03	7.45	6.16	10.54	0.000
Total children ever born	1	13	3.29	2.09	3.71	2.24	2.89	1.85	0.000
Sex composition of living children
No sons & daughters	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.387
Son>daughter	0	1	0.39	0.49	0.40	0.49	0.39	0.49	0.375
Son<daughter	0	1	0.40	0.49	0.41	0.49	0.40	0.49	0.033
No. of sons = daughters	0	1	0.20	0.40	0.19	0.39	0.22	0.41	0.613
Termination of pregnancy
No	0	1	0.83	0.37	0.83	0.38	0.84	0.37	0.613
Yes	0	1	0.17	0.37	0.17	0.38	0.16	0.37	0.613
Wanted last child
Mistimed	0	1	0.09	0.29	0.07	0.26	0.11	0.31	0.000
Unwanted	0	1	0.15	0.36	0.18	0.39	0.12	0.33	0.000
Wanted	0	1	0.76	0.43	0.74	0.44	0.77	0.42	0.028
Birth interval
First birth	0	1	0.21	0.41	0.17	0.38	0.25	0.44	0.000
Less than 24	0	1	0.20	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.20	0.40	0.812
More than 24	0	1	0.59	0.49	0.63	0.48	0.55	0.50	0.000
Experience child loss
No	0	1	0.76	0.43	0.72	0.45	0.80	0.40	0.000
Yes	0	1	0.24	0.43	0.28	0.45	0.20	0.40	0.000
Frequency of reading newspaper/magazine
Not reading paper	0	1	0.89	0.31	0.94	0.24	0.84	0.36	0.000
Reading paper less than once a week	0	1	0.07	0.25	0.03	0.17	0.10	0.30	0.000
Reading paper at least once a week	0	1	0.03	0.17	0.02	0.14	0.04	0.20	0.000
Reading paper almost every day	0	1	0.01	0.11	0.01	0.10	0.02	0.12	0.051
Frequency of listening to radio
Not listening radio	0	1	0.64	0.48	0.65	0.48	0.63	0.48	0.180
Listening radio less than once a week	0	1	0.17	0.37	0.16	0.36	0.18	0.38	0.061
Listening radio at least once a week	0	1	0.10	0.30	0.10	0.30	0.11	0.31	0.537
Listening radio almost every day	0	1	0.09	0.29	0.10	0.29	0.09	0.28	0.343
Frequency of watching television
Not watching television	0	1	0.62	0.48	0.72	0.45	0.53	0.50	0.000
Watching TV less than once a week	0	1	0.13	0.34	0.11	0.31	0.15	0.36	0.000
Watching TV at least once a week	0	1	0.09	0.29	0.07	0.26	0.11	0.32	0.000
Watching TV almost every day	0	1	0.15	0.36	0.09	0.29	0.21	0.40	0.000
Respondent occupation
Not working	0	1	0.59	0.49	0.56	0.50	0.61	0.49	0.000
Res primary occupation	0	1	0.33	0.47	0.37	0.48	0.30	0.46	0.000
Res secondary occupation	0	1	0.07	0.25	0.07	0.25	0.07	0.25	0.885
Res tertiary occupation	0	1	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.10	0.01	0.11	0.226
Res quaternary occupation	0	1	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.03	0.234
Allowed to go to: market
Alone	0	1	0.36	0.48	0.37	0.48	0.35	0.48	0.261
With someone else only	0	1	0.49	0.50	0.49	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.494
Not at all	0	1	0.15	0.36	0.15	0.36	0.15	0.36	0.731
Allowed to go to: health facility
Alone	0	1	0.34	0.47	0.34	0.48	0.34	0.47	0.798
With someone else only	0	1	0.60	0.49	0.60	0.49	0.61	0.49	0.628
Not at all	0	1	0.05	0.22	0.06	0.23	0.05	0.22	0.394
Allowed to go to: places outside this village/community
Alone	0	1	0.24	0.43	0.25	0.43	0.23	0.42	0.052
With someone else only	0	1	0.65	0.48	0.64	0.48	0.67	0.47	0.006
Not at all	0	1	0.11	0.31	0.12	0.32	0.10	0.30	0.067
Have bank or savings account
No	0	1	0.95	0.22	0.95	0.22	0.95	0.23	0.556
Yes	0	1	0.05	0.21	0.04	0.21	0.05	0.22	0.304
Partner education	0	8	2.33	2.31	1.94	2.27	2.71	2.29	0.000
Partner education square	0	64	10.78	13.39	8.90	12.64	12.59	13.83	0.000
Partner occupation
Not working	0	1	0.05	0.21	0.05	0.23	0.04	0.20	0.022
Primary occupation	0	1	0.37	0.48	0.38	0.49	0.36	0.48	0.227
Secondary occupation	0	1	0.51	0.50	0.51	0.50	0.52	0.50	0.684
Tertiary occupation	0	1	0.06	0.24	0.05	0.21	0.07	0.26	0.001
Quaternary occupation	0	1	0.01	0.09	0.01	0.08	0.01	0.10	0.473