Figure 1. Schematic representation of the models developed here for exploring the maintenance of sexual reproduction.

a: Model without competition. p_S and p_A are the speciation probabilities of sexual and asexual lineages, respectively, e_S and e_A are extinction probabilities for sexual and asexual lineages, respectively, and u_S is the probability of transition from sexual to asexual states. While p_S, p_A, e_S and e_A are fixed over generations, the transition rate uS can evolve. b: Model with competition. The parameters are explained on the figure. For the two models, all simulations start with a single sexual lineage.