Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics by Severity of Depressive Symptoms
| Total (N=402) |
None-Minimal (N=236) |
Mild (N=104) |
Moderate-Severe (N=62) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Socio-demographic variable | |||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 73.3 (13.2) | 74.4 (12.6) | 71.8 (13.8) | 71.4 (14.2) | 0.054 |
| Male, % | 57.7 | 56.4 | 61.5 | 56.5 | 0.743 |
| Marital status, % | |||||
| Married | 59.1 | 59.1 | 61.5 | 54.8 | 0.044 |
| Widowed | 23.2 | 26.4 | 15.4 | 24.2 | |
| Divorced | 10.0 | 6.4 | 14.4 | 16.1 | |
| Single | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 4.8 | |
| Education, % | 0.728 | ||||
| Non high school graduate | 14.2 | 15.2 | 12.7 | 13.1 | |
| High school graduate | 38.0 | 37.1 | 35.3 | 45.9 | |
| Some college / college degree | 37.5 | 37.5 | 38.2 | 36.1 | |
| Graduate school | 10.3 | 10.3 | 13.7 | 4.9 | |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension, % | 90.3 | 89.0 | 93.3 | 90.3 | 0.481 |
| Hyperlipidemia,% | 81.8 | 80.5 | 81.7 | 87.1 | 0.266 |
| Current or former smoking, % | 60.4 | 55.9 | 64.4 | 71.0 | 0.019 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 39.2 | 34.0 | 44.2 | 50.0 | 0.010 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), % | 0.852 | ||||
| Normal (<25) | 22.3 | 21.7 | 24.0 | 21.3 | |
| Overweight (25 to <30) | 31.3 | 31.5 | 33.7 | 26.2 | |
| Obese (≥30) | 46.5 | 46.8 | 42.3 | 52.5 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Myocardial infarction, % | 26.6 | 25.4 | 25.0 | 33.9 | 0.268 |
| Charlson index score, % | 0.457 | ||||
| 0 | 8.2 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 3.2 | |
| 1–2 | 22.6 | 20.8 | 25.0 | 25.8 | |
| ≥3 | 69.2 | 69.5 | 67.3 | 71.0 | |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73 m2, mean (SD) | 57.2 (22.8) | 58.6 (22.8) | 54.7 (22.2) | 56.1 (23.4) | 0.267 |
| Serum sodium, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 138.2 (4.1) | 138.3 (3.9) | 138.0 (4.4) | 137.9 (4.1) | 0.009 |
| Heart failure characteristics | |||||
| Prevalent heart failure, % | 59.5 | 54.7 | 64.4 | 69.4 | 0.017 |
| Ejection fraction (<50%), % | 53.2 | 50.4 | 56.7 | 58.1 | 0.197 |
| Treatments | |||||
| Beta blockers, % | 84.8 | 83.9 | 88.5 | 82.3 | 0.911 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers | 67.7 | 68.2 | 65.4 | 69.4 | 0.969 |
| Statins, % | 58.7 | 59.7 | 54.8 | 61.3 | 0.908 |
| Antidepressants, % | 24.4 | 18.2 | 30.8 | 37.1 | 0.001 |