An illustration of sequence of events in each of the four conditions of Experiment 1. Interventions (button presses) are indicated by an arrow and are labeled (Child, Adult). In each example shown, the child intervenes first, the child's button (button A) is the one on the left, and the target effect is the sound. In the actual procedure, the first intervener (child, adult), the side of the child's button (left, right), and the target effect (sound, light) were counterbalanced.