Table 1.

Breast cancer stem cell (BCSCs) markers

BCSCs marker	References
CD44 + CD24-/loLin- phenotype	[11, 29, 30]
HER2 overexpression	[5]
Mammosphere formation	[10, 11]
Exclusion of fluorescent dye by a side population	[113]
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)	[22]
BMP-7 expression	[25–27]
microRNAs	[33, 34]
CXCR4 (Chemokine receptor)	[37]
CXCL12 expression	[37]
ESA, CK5, and α6- integrin	[45]
Aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 (ALDH1) activity	[55]
CD44	[11]