Table 1.
Summary of results from the systematic review on the association between hypertension and incident AD. Interacting factors with hypertension are also included
| Article | Study Name | Sample Size | Number of Incident AD Cases | Years of Follow Up | Risk Factor | Interaction | OR/RR/HR | 95% Confidence Interval | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood Pressure Parameters | |||||||||
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | SBP 140–159 | not analyzed | 1.3 | 0.8–2.0 | n.s. |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | high SBP (≥ 160) | not analyzed | 1.4 | 0.9–2.2 | n.s. |
| Qiu/200330 | Kungsholmen Project | 1270 | 256 | Max: 6 | very high SBP (above 180) | not analyzed | 1.5 | 1.0–2.3 | 0.07 |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | DBP ≥ 90 | not analyzed | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | n.s. |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | low DBP (less than 70) | not analyzed | 1.9 | 1.2–3.0 | not given |
| Qiu/200330 | Kungsholmen Project | 1270 | 256 | Max: 6 | very low DBP (≤65) | not analyzed | 1.7 | 1.1–2.4 | not given |
| Midlife SBP | |||||||||
| Launer/200031 | HHP/HAAS | 3703 | 118 | Max: 28 | Midlife borderline high SBP (140–159) | not analyzed | 1.23 | 0.63–2.43 | n.s. |
| Kivipelto/200221 | CAIDE | 1449 | 48 | 21 | midlife SBP (140–159) | not analyzed | 1.6 | 0.7–4.2 | n.s. |
| Launer/200031 | HHP/HAAS | 3703 | 118 | Max: 28 | high midlife SBP (≥ 160) high midlife | not analyzed | 1.22 | 0.37–4.04 | n.s. |
| Kivipelto/200221 | CAIDE | 1449 | 48 | 21 | SBP (≥160) | not analyzed | 2.6 | 1.1–6.6 | not given |
| Midlife DBP | |||||||||
| Launer/200031 | HHP/HAAS | 3703 | 118 | Max: 28 | DBP (below 80) | not analyzed | 1.86 | 1.01–3.46 | not given |
| Kivipelto/200221 | CAIDE | 1449 | 48 | 21 | Midlife DBP (90–95) | not analyzed | 1.2 | 0.4–3.3 | n.s. |
| Launer/200031 | HHP/HAAS | 3703 | 118 | Max: 28 | borderline high DBP (between 90–94 | not analyzed | 5.1 | 1.7–15.2 | not given |
| Kivipelto/200221 | CAIDE | 1449 | 48 | 21 | high midlife DBP (≥95) | not analyzed | 2.0 | 0.9–4.6 | n.s. |
| Launer/200031 | HHP/HAAS | 3703 | 118 | Max: 28 | DBP (≥95) | not analyzed | 6.6 | 2.0–21.4 | not given |
| Interactions | |||||||||
| Luchsinger/200528 | WHICAP | 1138 | 176 | 5.5 | hypertension | diabetes | 3.3 | 1.9–5.9 | 0.03 |
| Honig/200332 | WHICAP | 1766 | 181 | Max: 7 | hypertension severe | stroke | 2.14 | 1.40–3.27 | not given |
| Xu/200733 | Kungsholmen Project | 1173 | 307 | Max: 9 | systolic hypertension (≥180) | borderline diabetes | 4.89 | 1.07–22.42 | 0.04 |
| Xu/200434 | Kungsholmen Project | 1301 | 260 | Max: 6 | severe systolic hypertension (≥180) | diabetes | 2.6 | 1.0–6.8 | 0.05 |
| Borenstein/200535 | Kame Project | 1859 | 90 | Max: 9 | high SBP (≥140) | APOE ε4 non carriers | 1.79 | 0.82–3.89 | 0.15 |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | SBP | APOE ε4 | not given | no interaction | n.s. |
| Kivipelto/200221 | CAIDE | 1449 | 48 | 21 | SBP | APOE ε4 | not given | no interaction | n.s. |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | SBP ≥140 | antihypertensive drug use | 0.5 | 0.2–1.1 | 0.09 |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | SBP ≥140 | APOE ε4 carrier and antihypertensive drug use | 0.5 | 0.1–1.5 | n.s. |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | low DBP (less than 70) | APOE ε4 carrier | 4.5 | 2.6–8.0 | not given |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | low DBP (less than 70) | APOE ε4 non carriers | 1.3 | 0.7–2.5 | n.s. |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | DBP | antihypertensive drug use | not given | no interaction | not given |
| Qiu/200329 | Kungsholmen Project | 966 | 204 | Max: 6 | DBP (less than 70) | APOE ε4 carrier and antihypertensive drug use | 3.2 | 0.9–11.6 | 0.07 |
AD-Alzheimer disease; OR-odds ratio; RR-relative risk; HR-hazard ratio; SBP-systolic blood pressure; DBP-diastolic blood pressure; HHP/HAAS-Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu-Asia Aging Study; CAIDE-Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Dementia; WHICAP-Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project