Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Two Rural, Medically Underserved Communities in Hawai‘i (N = 40)
| Clinical Characteristic | Pulama Study Participants n (%) or Mean ± SD |
| Clinical/Laboratory Assessments | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) Body mass index ≥ 30 |
33 ± 9 28 (70) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 131 ± 20 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 ± 13 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) Hemoglobin A1c ≥ 9% |
9.6 ± 1.6 22 (55) |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 182 ± 62 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 167 ± 36 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 207 ± 206 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) Women Men |
45 ± 10 42 ± 13 |
| Calculated LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) (n = 34)a | 87 ± 23 |
| History of: | |
| Hypertension | 33 (83) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 34 (85) |
| Gout | 5 (13) |
| Heart disease | 12 (30) |
| Diabetes Medications | |
| Biguanide | 24 (60) |
| Sulfonylurea | 26 (65) |
| Thiazolidenedione | 7 (18) |
| DPP4 Inhibitor | 12 (30) |
| Insulin | 24 (60) |
| Exenatide (Byetta) | 1 (3) |
| Number of diabetes medications One Two Three Four |
9 (23) 14 (35) 11 (28) 6 (15) |
a
Unable to calculate LDL values for some participants (n = 6) due to their high levels of triglycerides.