Table 4.
Factors associated with respiratory infection (RI)
|
Variable |
RI |
p-value |
OR |
95% CI |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Yes n (%) |
No n (%) |
||||
| N = 317 | N = 8,797 | ||||
| Sex: - Male |
168 (53) |
4,375 (50) |
|
1 |
|
| - Female |
149 (47) |
4,422 (50) |
0.25 |
0.9 |
0.7 - 1.1 |
| Ethnic group: - Lao Loom |
143 (45) |
5,203 (59) |
|
1 |
|
| - Hmong |
13 (4) |
1,155 (13) |
<0.001 |
2.4 |
1.9 - 3.0 |
| - Other ethnic groups |
161 (51) |
2,439 (28) |
0.002 |
0.4 |
0.2 - 0.7 |
| Age group (years): < 5 |
77 (24) |
861 (10) |
<0.001 |
3.2 |
2.4 - 4.3 |
| 5–14 |
72 (23) |
1,858 (21) |
0.01 |
1.4 |
1.0 - 1.8 |
| ≥15 |
168 (53) |
6,078 (69) |
|
1 |
|
| Location: - Vientiane Capital |
100 (31) |
3,511 (40) |
|
1 |
|
| - Vientiane Province |
56 (18) |
2,865 (33) |
0.03 |
0.6 |
0.4 - 0.9 |
| - Sayabouli |
70 (22) |
1,657 (19) |
0.01 |
1.4 |
1.1 - 2.0 |
| - Sekong |
91 (29) |
764 (7) |
<0.001 |
4.2 |
3.1 - 5.6 |
| Wealth index: - Low |
209 (66) |
4,821 (55) |
0.08 |
1.3 |
0.9 - 1.8 |
| - Moderate |
61 (19) |
2,526 (29) |
0.13 |
0.7 |
0.5 - 1.1 |
| - High |
47 (15) |
1,450 (16) |
|
1 |
|
| Household head education level: |
|
|
|
|
|
| - Primary school |
136 (43) |
2,567 (29) |
<0.001 |
2.2 |
1.5 - 3.3 |
| - Secondary school |
146 (46) |
4,718 (54) |
0.12 |
1.3 |
0.9 - 1.9 |
| - College/university |
35 (11) |
1,512 (17) |
|
1 |
|
| Smoky environment inside house: |
|
|
|
|
|
| - No stove inside |
77 (24) |
3,458 (39) |
0.01 |
0.6 |
0.4 - 0.9 |
| - No smoke |
44 (14) |
1,249 (14) |
|
1 |
|
| - Some smoke |
92 (29) |
2,736 (31) |
0.80 |
0.9 |
0.6 - 1.3 |
| - Very smoky |
104 (33) |
1,354 (15) |
<0.001 |
2.1 |
1.5 - 3.1 |
| Animal slaughtering in the past 30 days in household: |
|
|
|
|
|
| - No |
238 (75) |
6,547 (74) |
|
1 |
|
| - Yes (without protection) |
8 (3) |
169 (2) |
0.47 |
1.3 |
0.6 - 2.6 |
| - Yes (with protection) |
71 (22) |
2,081 (23) |
0.64 |
0.9 |
0.7 - 1.2 |
| Butchering and cooking animal in the past 30 days in household: |
|
|
|
|
|
| - No |
111 (35) |
2,278 (26) |
|
1 |
|
| - Yes (without protection) |
4 (1) |
114 (1) |
0.52 |
0.7 |
0.2 - 1.9 |
| - Yes (with protection) |
202 (64) |
6,405 (73) |
<0.001 |
0.6 |
0.5 - 0.8 |
| Animal died in the past 30 days in household: |
|
|
|
|
|
| - No animal in household |
49 (15) |
1,722 (20) |
|
1 |
|
| - No animal died |
232 (73) |
6,554 (74) |
0.17 |
1.2 |
0.9 - 1.7 |
| - Animal died | 36 (11) | 521 (6) | <0.001 | 2.4 | 1.5 - 3.7 |