Table 1. Risk factors for HIV infection: odds ratios (ORs) for selected socio-demographic factors.
| Males (N = 7259) | Females (N = 6476) | ||||||
| Exposures | Categories | Number | Prevalence n (%) | Adjusted ORb (95% CI) | Number | Prevalence n (%) | Adjusted ORc (95% CI) |
| Age | <21 years | 2039 | 10 (0.5%) | 1 pt<0.001 | 2623 | 66(2.5%) | 1 pt<0.001 |
| 21–22 years | 1966 | 26 (1.3%) | 1.87(0.85–4.12) | 1855 | 85(4.6%) | 1.61(1.14–2.26) | |
| 23–24 years | 1903 | 43 (2.3%) | 2.69(1.25–5.79) | 1490 | 81(5.4%) | 1.94(1.36–2.77) | |
| > = 25 years | 1350 | 54 (4.0%) | 4.04(1.86–8.78) | 506 | 20(5.9%) | 2.11(1.31–3.38) | |
| Ethnic group | Non Sukuma | 1567 | 28 (1.8%) | 1 p = 0.77 | 1196 | 47(3.9%) | 1 p = 0.65 |
| Sukuma | 5684 | 105 (1.9%) | 1.08(0.65–1.78) | 5274 | 215(4.1%) | 1.09(0.74–1.60) | |
| Religion | Christian | 5850 | 106 (1.8%) | 1 p = 0.43 | 5733 | 229(4.0%) | 1 p = 0.003 |
| Moslem | 326 | 5 (1.5%) | 0.75(0.27–2.08) | 274 | 20(7.3%) | 2.21(1.34–3.65) | |
| None/other | 1076 | 21(2.0%) | 0.74(0.45–1.22) | 453 | 11(2.4%) | 0.59(0.31–1.12) | |
| Education | Primary or less | 5723 | 121 (2.1%) | 1 p = 0.24d | 5592 | 237(4.2%) | 1 p = 0.22d |
| Secondary or higher | 1529 | 12 (0.8%) | 0.69(0.36–1.31) | 874 | 25(2.9%) | 0.75(0.48–1.19) | |
| Occupation | Domestic/Farmera | 3312 | 72(2.2%) | 1 p = 0.006 | 4419 | 186(4.2%) | 1 p<0.001 |
| At school/university | 1732 | 5(0.3%) | 0.29(0.11–0.76) | 806 | 6(0.8%) | 0.19(0.08–0.46) | |
| Business | 1576 | 43(2.7%) | 1.35(0.90–2.02) | 418 | 23(5.5%) | 1.24(0.77–1.97) | |
| None/Other | 530 | 10(1.9%) | 0.90(0.46–1.78) | 803 | 45(5.6%) | 1.23(0.85–1.77) | |
| Marital status | Married | 2435 | 77(3.2%) | 1 p = 0.034 | 3644 | 130(3.6%) | 1 p<0.001 |
| Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 226 | 10(4.4%) | 1.59(0.80–3.17) | 622 | 56(9.0%) | 2.57(1.84–3.61) | |
| Never married | 4598 | 46(1.0%) | 0.65(0.43–1.00) | 2210 | 76(3.4%) | 1.48(1.07–2.05) | |
| Time slept away | Never | 2340 | 40(1.7%) | 1 pt = 0.20 | 3381 | 136(4.0%) | 1 pt = 0.055 |
| past year | Up to 1 month | 3317 | 58(1.8%) | 1.02(0.67–1.55) | 2140 | 71(3.4%) | 0.82(0.61–1.11) |
| 1 month to 3 months | 721 | 16(2.2%) | 1.31(0.69–2.47) | 536 | 24(4.5%) | 1.12(0.71–1.78) | |
| >3 months | 806 | 16(2.0%) | 1.47(0.79–2.73) | 422 | 31(7.4%) | 1.79(1.17–2.74) | |
NOTE: OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; p: pvalue from likelihood-ratio test; pt: p value from likelihood-ratio test for linear trend; NA: not applicable.
a
The category Domestic/Farmer includes females who reported being either housewives or farmers and males who reported being farmers.
b
Adjusted for age, occupation and marital status.
c
Adjusted for age, religion, occupation, marital status and length of time slept away past year.
d
for males adjusted for age and marital status; for females adjusted for age, religion, marital status and length of time slept away past year.