Table 1.
Study Characteristics.
| Study | Country | Design | Indication for stents | Malignant tumors (n) | No. of patients | Mean age, y | Male gender, % | Follow-up (range) | Stent type | Covering material |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vakil et al., 200116 | USA, UK, Canada, Italy, Germany | RCT (Multi-center) | Esophageal obstruction | Majority of adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction (52) | 32/30 | 74/71 | NA | Until dead or for 6 months | NA | NA (Partially) |
| Lee et al., 200917 | Korea | PCS (Single center) | Gastroduodenal obstruction | Gastric (122), pancreatic (19), gallbladder (3), bile duct (3), ampullary (4), duodenal (2) cancer, metastasis (1) | 70/84 | 67/63 | 71/67 | Until dead or the end of the study | Niti-S/Niti-S | Polyurethane (Partially) |
| Kim et al., 201018 | Korea | RCT (Single center) | Gastroduodenal obstruction | Gastric cancer (80) | 40/40 | 58/57 | 80/78 | 14.5(1-117)/ 14(1-114) weeks | Niti-S or Niti-S Comvi/Wallstents or WallFlex | Polyurethane or PTFE (Partially) |
| Lee et al., 200719 | Korea | PCS (Single center) | Colorectal obstruction | Colorectal cancer (70), metastasis of gastric (8) and cervical (2) cancer | 41/39 | 64/63 | 56/56 | NA | Niti-S/Niti-S | Polyurethane (Partially) |
| Moon et al., 201020 | Korea | PCS (Multi-center) | Colorectal obstruction | Colorectal cancer (68) | 31/37 | 66/66 | 58/57 | 139.5(23-627)/ 195.5(25-847) days | Niti-S Comvi/ Niti-S D-Weave | PTFE (Partially) |
| Park et al., 201021 | Korea | RCT (Single center) | Colorectal obstruction | Colorectal (120), gastric (17), pancreatic (3), ovarian (5), urinary bladder (4), vaginal (1), renal (1) cancer | 75/76 | 62/61 | 52/62 | NA | Niti-S Comvi/ WallFlex | PTFE (Partially) |
| Isayama et al., 200422 | Japan | RCT (Multi-center) | Biliary obstruction | Pancreatic (66), bile duct (11), gallbladder (9), papillary (3) cancer, metastatic nodes (23) | 57/55 | 71/70 | 61/56 | 246(11-1155) days | Ultraflex/Ultraflex | Polyurethane (Partially) |
| Telford et al., 201023 | Canada, USA | RCT (Multi-center) | Biliary obstruction | Majority of pancreatic cancer (106) | 68/61 | 66/65 | 56/49 | 201(0-1302)/ 125(0-793) days | Wallstents/ Wallstents | Silicone (Partially) |
| Kullman et al., 201024 | Sweden | RCT (Multi-center) | Biliary obstruction | Pancreatic (307), bile duct (22), gallbladder (11), ampullary (17) cancer, metastatic nodes (34), unknown (9) | 200/200 | 79/76 | 44/46 | 12 months | Nitinella/Nitinella | Polycarbonate-polyurethane (Partially) |
| Krokidis et al., 201025 | Greece, Italy | RCT (Multi-center) | Biliary obstruction | Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (60) | 30/30 | 67/64 | 67/53 | 212(45-675) days | Viabil/Wallstent | PTFE/FEP (Fully) |
| Krokidis et al., 201126 | Greece, Italy | RCT (Multi-center) | Biliary obstruction | Pancreatic head cancer (80) | 40/40 | 64/65 | 58/10 | 192(104-603) days | Viabil/Luminexx | PTFE/FEP (Fully) |
Data refer to number of patients, mean age, male gender, follow-up, and stent type with covered/bare stents. RCT, randomized controlled trial; PCS, prospective cohort study; NA, data not available; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; FEP, fluorinated-ethylene-propylene.