Table 2.
Relationship between hypnotics and selected variables of fall frequency in hospitalized patients
| Variable | All inpatients (% of total) | Falls (% of total) | Non-falls (% of total) | Multivariate adjusteda | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | (95 % CI) | |||||
| Age | 1.02 | (1.01–1.04) | 0.002 | |||
| Hypnotics | ||||||
| Zolpidem | 382 (10.4) | 11 (0.3) | 371 (10.1) | 0.698 | (0.35–1.41) | 0.315 |
| Brotizolam | 696 (18.9) | 52 (1.4) | 644 (17.5) | 2.436 | (1.61–3.68) | <0.001 |
| Zopiclone | 40 (1.1) | 8 (0.2) | 32 (0.9) | 3.773 | (1.36–10.4) | 0.011 |
| Triazolam | 82 (2.2) | 7 (0.2) | 75 (2.0) | 1.466 | (0.58–3.68) | 0.416 |
| Flunitrazepam | 46 (1.2) | 4 (0.1) | 42 (1.1) | 1.758 | (0.57–5.44) | 0.327 |
| Nitrazepam | 29 (0.8) | 5 (0.1) | 24 (0.7) | 1.656 | (0.45–6.07) | 0.446 |
| Estazolam | 31 (0.8) | 5 (0.1) | 26 (0.7) | 4.027 | (1.35–12.1) | 0.013 |
| Antiepileptics | 108 (2.9) | 17 (0.5) | 91 (2.5) | 4.594 | (2.43–8.70) | <0.001 |
| Opioids | 163 (4.4) | 22 (0.6) | 141 (3.8) | 4.622 | (2.66–8.03) | <0.001 |
| Anti-Alzheimer’s | 15 (0.4) | 6 (0.2) | 9 (0.2) | 5.386 | (1.45–20.1) | 0.012 |
| Anti-Parkinson’s | 27 (0.7) | 6 (0.2) | 21 (0.6) | 4.707 | (1.34–16.5) | 0.016 |
| Antidiabetics | 111 (3.0) | 15 (0.4) | 96 (2.6) | 3.101 | (1.64–5.88) | <0.001 |
| Antihypertensives | 382 (10.4) | 35 (1.0) | 347 (9.4) | 2.175 | (1.36–3.48) | 0.001 |
| Anti-arrhythmics | 82 (2.2) | 11 (0.3) | 71 (1.9) | 2.948 | (1.42–6.14) | 0.006 |
aAdjusted for use of diuretics and anticoagulants
CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio