Table 3. CerS substrate preferences.
dHSph, dihydrosphingosine.
| Acyl-CoA preference* |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CerS | In vitro | Gain of function† | Loss of function‡ | Km towards dHSph (μM)§ | Reference(s) |
| CerS1 | C18:0 | C18:0 | C18:0 | 2.5 ± 0.7 | [21,33,38,80] |
| C20:0 | C18:1 | ||||
| CerS2 | C20:0 | C20:0 | C22:0 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | [20,33,40,92] |
| C22:0 | C22:0 | C22:1 | |||
| C24:0 | C24:0 | C24:0 | |||
| C26:0 | C24:1 | C24:1 | |||
| C26:0 | C26:0 | ||||
| C26:1 | C26:1 | ||||
| CerS3∥ | C16:0 | C18:0 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | [23] | |
| C18:0 | C20:0 | ||||
| C22:0 | C22:0 | ||||
| C24:0 | C24:0 | ||||
| CerS4 | C18:0 | C18:0 | C24:1 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | [22,33,92] |
| C20:0 | C20:0 | ||||
| C22:0 | C22:0 | ||||
| C24:0 | |||||
| C26:0 | |||||
| CerS5 | C14:0 | C16:0 | C16:0 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | [22,25,90] |
| C16:0 | C18:0 | ||||
| C18:0 | |||||
| C18:1 | |||||
| CerS6 | C14:0 | C16:0 | C16:0 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | [33,93,94] |
| C16:0 | |||||
| C18:0 | |||||
*
Bold chain lengths indicate the primary N-acyl length affected in each experimental situation.
†
Determined by overexpression of CerS proteins and measurement of ceramide or other sphingolipids.
‡
Determined by siRNA-mediated knockdown or knockout of the indicated CerS.
§
Values taken from Lahiri et al. [43].
∥
Recent results from Jennemann et al. [90a] show that CerS3-deficient animals lack ultra-long ceramides (>C26) in the epidermis.