Table 1.

Determination of phenols in water samples using the graphene-PANI/Tyr/Nafion/GCE sensor.

Pollutant	Sample	Amount added (mmol/L)	Founda		Relative error (%)	RSD b(%)	Recovery (%)
			HPLC	Sensor
Hydroquinone	Drinking water	0.5	0.483	0.491	1.65	0.85	98.2
	Lake water	1.0	0.975	0.978	0.31	7.24	97.8
	Underground water	1.5	1.512	1.492	−1.32	1.92	99.5
	Domestic sewage	2.0	2.112	2.064	−2.27	3.89	103.2
	Drinking water	0.5	0.490	0.498	1.55	1.94	99.52
Phenol	Lake water	1.0	1.122	1.034	−7.83	4.48	103.42
	Underground water	1.5	1.593	1.506	−5.47	0.41	100.39
	Domestic sewage	2.0	2.105	2.116	0.51	1.14	105.79
	Drinking water	0.5	0.487	0.491	0.74	0.941	98.12
p-Chlorophenol	Lake water	1.0	0.989	1.012	2.29	6.612	101.16
	Underground water	1.5	1.536	1.517	−1.25	0.691	101.12
	Domestic sewage	2.0	2.134	2.085	−2.31	2.289	104.24

^aAverage value of five measurements.

^bRelative standard deviation for the proposed method (n = 5).