Table 1.

Experimental site and treatment description for the trials conducted during 2007–2009, to analyse selectivity and yield response to harrowing. Different tine angles, driving speeds and number of passes constituted the harrowing intensities, which were applied all at differing crop growth stages. Experiments were placed at various location with differing soil types and weed populations.

Experiment (Year)	Crop (BBCH-Code)	Location (Soil Type)	Dominant Weeds	Harrowing Intensity			Source
				Tine Angle	Speed (km h−1)	Passes
(2007)
1	winter barley	Heidfeldhof	Lamium purpureum L.,	lightest	10	1	Rueda-Ayala and Gerhards [15]
	(12, 24)	(silty loam)	Galium aparine L.,	light	10	1
			Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.,	strong	12	2
			Matricaria inodora L.	strongest	12	2
(2008)
2	spring barley	Meiereihof	Lamium purpureum L.,	lightest	8	1–3	Rueda-Ayala and Gerhards [15]
	(13, 21, 24)	(silty loam)	Polygonum convolvulus L.,	light,	8	1–3
			Amaranthus retroflexus L.,	strong	12	1–3
			Chenopodium album L.
3	winter wheat	Heidfeldhof	Matricaria inodora L.,	strongest	12	1–4	Rueda-Ayala et al. [16]
	(12, 15, 21)	(silty loam)	Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.,
			Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.,
			Galium aparine L.
4	winter wheat	Ihinger Hof	nwc†	light	8	1–4	Rueda-Ayala et al. [16]
	(20)	(loam)
	(22, 24)				10	1–4
(2009)
5	spring barley	Heidfeldhof	Lamium purpureum L.,	lightest	8	1	Meiser [18]
	(14)	(silty loam)	Galium aparine L.,	light	8	1
			Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.,	strong	8	2
			Avena fatua L.	strongest	8	2
6	spring wheat	Meiereihof	Chenopodium album L.,	light	8	1–3	Meiser [18]
	(12, 15)	(sandy loam)	Veronica hederifolia L.,
			Galium aparine L.,	strong	10	1–3
			Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.,
			Avena fatua L.

^†nwc: no weed competition due to absence of weed emergence.