Table 3.

Dysregulated miRNAs in multiple sclerosis

	Sample	Tissue	Dysregulated miRNAs
Disease pathogenesis
Du et al (2009)¹²⁹	43 RR MS, 42 healthy individuals	PBL,CD4+T cells	miR-326
Junker et al (2009)¹³⁰	20RRMS, SPMS, PPMS,or Marburg variant; nine healthy individuals	Multiple sclerosis lesions (active and inactive)	Active lesions: miR-650, miR-155, miR-326, miR-142-3p, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-34a, miR-21, miR-23a, miR-199a, miR-27a, miR-142-5p, miR-193a, miR-15a, miR-200c, miR-130a, miR-223, miR-22, miR-320, miR-214, miR-656, miR-184, miR-139, miR-23b, miR-328, miR-487b, miR-l8lc, miR-340
Lindberg et al (2010)¹³¹	Eight RR MS, ten healthy individuals	CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, B cells	CD4+T cells: miR-485-3p, miR-376a, miR-1, miR-497, miR-193a, miR-200b, miR-126, miR-486, miR-17-5p, miR-34a
De Santis et al (2010)¹³²	12 RR MS, 14 healthy individuals	CD4+CD25+ T cells	miR-29c, miR-107, miR-210, let-7i, miR-15a, miR-19a, miR-19b, miR-138-2*, miR-324-3p, miR-301a, miR-338-5p, miR-22, miR-512-3p, miR-564, miR-886-3p, miR-106b, miR-29a, miR-93, miR-489, miR-148a, miR-590-5p, miR-223, miR-221
Cox et al (2010)¹³³	59 RR MS, SPMS, or PP MS; 37 healthy individuals	Whole blood	miR-768-3p, HS_265.1, let-7d, let-7f, let-7g, let-7i, miR-106a, miR-126, miR-126, miR-140-5p, miR-15a, miR-15b, miR-16, miR-17, miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-211, miR-27a, miR-27b, miR-374a, miR-454, miR-510, miR-579, miR-623, miR-624, miR-93, miR-98
Fenoglio etal (2011)¹³⁴	29 RR MS, SPMS, or PP MS; 19 healthy individuals	PBMCs	miR-21, miR-146a, miR-146b
Paraboschi et al (2011)¹³⁵	Ten RR MS, six healthy individuals	PBMCs	miR-155, miR-92a, let-7f, miR-19a
Guerau-de-Arellano et al (2011)¹³⁶	22 RR MS, SPMS, or PP MS; 16 healthy individuals	Naive CD4+ T cells	miR-660, miR-5l8d-3p, miR-586, miR-128, miR-564, miR-708, miR-378, miR-346, miR-645, miR-566
Martinelli-Boneschi et al (2012)¹³⁷	19 RR MS, SPMS, or PP MS; 14 healthy individuals	PBMCs	miR-363, miR-31, miR-524-3p, miR-876-3p, let-7g, miR-223, miR-550, miR-l8lc, miR-374a, miR-150

Disease course
Otaegui et al (2009)¹³⁸	13 RR MS, eight healthy individuals	PBMCs	miR-l8b,miR-493, miR-599
Keller etal(2009)¹³⁹	20 RR MS, 19 healthy individuals	Whole blood	miR-145, miR-186, miR-664, miR-20b, miR-422a, miR-142-3p, miR-584, miR-223, miR-1275, miR-491-5p
Siegel et al (2012)¹⁴⁰	Four multiple sclerosis, four healthy individuals	Plasma	miR-614, miR-572, miR-1979, miR-648, miR-422a, miR-1826, miR-22
Haghikia et al (2012)¹⁴¹	53 RR MS, SPMS, or PP MS, 39 patients with other neurologica (non-multiple sclerosis) disease	CSF	miR-922, miR-l8lc, miR-633

Treatment (natalizumab)
Sieversetal(2012)¹⁴²	20 RR MS, ten healthy individuals	B cells	Untreated multiple sclerosis: miR-515, miR-411*, miR-25, miR-16, miR-297a, miR-329, miR-299-5p, miR-520g, miR-486-5p, miR-363

For each study, only a subset of miRNAs are listed. Refer to the reference for the full list. In miRNA nomenclature, an asterisk refers to microRNAs corresponding to complementary strands of DNA. As such, the two microRNAs have different sequences and probably have distinct targets, despite similar genomic coordinates. miRNAs=microRNAs. RR MS=relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. PBL=peripheral blood leucocytes. SP MS=secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis. PP MS=primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. PBMCs=peripheral blood mononuclear cells.