TABLE 2.
Abused Versus Comparison Differences in Receptive Language Scores and Educational Attainment
| Parameter | Total | Abused | Comparison | Fdf a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Raw vocabulary scores, mean ± SDb | ||||
| Childhood (ages 6–10) | 93.70 ± 19.34 | 95.68 ± 19.99 | 91.66 ± 18.73 | 0.311,62 |
| Young/midadolescence (ages 11–14) | 123.24 ± 17.31 | 120.19 ± 17.79 | 126.06 ± 16.52 | 6.091,112 |
| Mid/late adolescence (ages 15–18) | 134.65 ± 19.68 | 130.97 ± 22.47 | 138.20 ± 15.97 | 9.381,105 c |
| Young adulthood (ages 19–25) | 145.06 ± 17.79 | 142.27 ± 20.55 | 147.33 ± 14.94 | 7.681,144 c |
| Adulthood (ages 26–30) | 147.16 ± 18.52 | 140.85 ± 21.44 | 152.03 ± 14.42 | 7.591,61 c |
| % Graduated high schoold | 89.49 | 84.44 | 94.55 | 8.631,143 c |
| Educational attainment, mean ± SDd,e | 3.87 ± 1.13 | 3.63 ± 1.20 | 4.07 ± 1.04 | 7.561,143 c |
df indicates degrees of freedom.
a
F values correspond to individual GLM tests of group differences for each dependent variable via SAS PROC GLM. Alpha corrections were imposed to control type 1 error for multiple comparisons (P < .007).
b
Averaged over ages spanning developmental period.
c
P < .007.
d
Marginal means reported with age at final assessment (time 6) covaried.
e
1 = Eighth grade or less; 2 = some high school; 3 = graduated high school; 4 = some college; 5 = college graduate; 6 = some postgraduate school; and 7 = postgraduate degree.