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. 2013 Jun 3;110(25):10234–10239. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1303738110

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2.

HldA is required for the induction of HIV-1 LTR expression. (A) Neisserial hldA mutants do not induce HIV-1 LTR expression. HIV-1 LTR expression in Jurkat 1G5 CD4+ T cells was quantified by luciferase assay. Data represent the fold induction of expression over uninfected cells. Data shown represent the mean of three independent experiments ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ANOVA, Dunnett. Mc, catarrhalis; Sp. S. pneumoniae. (B) Representation of Nm LOS adopted from ref. 53. Truncated mutant chemotypes are indicated by boxes. (C) Neisseria spp. must be viable and have functional ADP-heptose biosynthesis to induce HIV-1 LTR expression. HIV-1 LTR expression in Jurkat 1G5 CD4+ T cells was quantified by luciferase assay. Data represent the fold induction of expression over uninfected cells. White bars represent live bacteria; black bars represent heat-killed bacteria. Data shown are the mean of three independent experiments ± SEM. *P < 0.05; ANOVA, Bonferroni. (D) Detection of bioactive endotoxin. HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells containing a TLR4-induced reporter fusion were stimulated with LPS or bacteria. White bars represent live bacteria at an MOI = 2; black bars represent the heat-killed equivalent. Data shown are mean of triplicate samples ± SD, representing three individual experiments.