Table 1.
Potential risk factors stratified by colonic perforation n (%)
| No perforation(n = 80068) | Perforation(n = 50) | P-value | |
| Age category (yr) | < 0.0001 | ||
| 18-50 | 13698 (17.11) | 5 (10.00) | |
| 50-65 | 38695 (48.33) | 10 (20.00) | |
| 65-80 | 22954 (28.67) | 20 (40.00) | |
| 80+ | 4271 (5.90) | 15 (30.00) | |
| Gender | n = 80059 | n = 50 | 0.0183 |
| Male | 38972 (46.68) | 16 (32.00) | |
| Female | 41087 (51.32) | 34 (68.00) | |
| BMI (median, IQR) | 28.66 (25.14, 32.92) | 26.27 (20.70, 28.55) | 0.0002 |
| (5.35% unknown)3 | n = 79615 | n = 48 | |
| Operator specialty4 | n = 78421 | n = 46 | 0.2290 |
| Surgery | 13826 (17.63) | 5 (10.87) | |
| Gastroenterology | 64595 (82.37) | 41 (89.13) | |
| Type of colonoscopy2 | < 0.0001 | ||
| Therapeutic | 37867 (47.29) | 13 (26.53) | |
| Polypectomy | 16367 (20.44) | 6 (12.42) | |
| Dilation | 97 (0.12) | 2 (4.08) | |
| Biopsy | 18807 (23.49) | 2 (4.08) | |
| Other1 | 2596 (3.2) | 3 (6.1) | |
| Screening | 29898 (37.34) | 3 (6.12) | |
| Diagnostic | 12303 (15.37) | 33 (67.35) | |
| Number of Interventions performed5 | 0.0342 | ||
| 1 | 73919 (92.32) | 45 (90.00) | |
| 2 | 5527 (6.90) | 3 (6.00) | |
| 3 | 622 (0.78) | 2 (4.00) | |
| Count of morbidities | 0.2004 | ||
| 0 | 55601 (69.4) | 31 (62.0) | |
| 1 | 17330 (21.6) | 11 (22.0) | |
| 2+ | 7137 (8.9) | 8 (16.0) | |
| Setting | < 0.0001 | ||
| Inpatient | 4132 (5.2) | 23 (46.0) | |
| Outpatient | 75936 (94.8) | 27 (54.0) | |
| ICU | 85 (0.1) | 9 (18.0) | < 0.0001 |
| Indications for CP | |||
| Abdominal pain | 3623 (4.52) | 7 (14.00) | 0.0070 |
| Anemia | 1875 (2.34) | 5 (10.00) | 0.0063 |
| Bleeding | 3615 (4.51) | 7 (14.00) | 0.0070 |
| Crohn’s disease | 329 (0.41) | 2 (4.00) | 0.0183 |
| Diarrhea | 2565 (3.20) | 0 (0) | 0.4115 |
| Diverticulosis of colon | 15635 (19.53) | 10 (20.00) | 0.9328 |
| Obstruction | 416 (0.52) | 0 (0) | 0.9999 |
| Ulcerative colitis | 920 (1.15) | 1 (2.00) | 0.4391 |
| Weight loss | 464 (0.58) | 1 (2.00) | 0.2526 |
| Creatinine (median, IQR) (12% unknown) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 0.9824 |
1
Includes foreign body removal, hemostasis;
2
Info to ascertain type of colonoscopy in one perforation not available;
3
Two body mass index (BMI) in perforation group not available;
4
Operator specialty of 4 perforations are other then gastroenterology and general surgery;
5
Number of interventions includes biopsy, polypectomy ,dilations and hemostasis. ICU: Intensive care unit; CP: Cerebral palsy; IQR: Interquartile range.