TABLE 4.

Odds ratios from multivariable models of the clinical features at admission associated with treatment failure and early death

Exposure variable ascertained on admission	Number exposed (%) N=568	Treatment failure at 48 hours	Death before 48 hours	Treatment failure at day 5
Age < 1 year	293 (52%)	1.66 (1.05 – 2.61)	-	-
Very severe pneumonia	165 (29%)	1.93 (1.15 – 3.23)	26.5 (3.36 – 208)	2.93 (1.48 – 5.81)
Oxygen saturation <95% at admission	134 (24%)	1.78 (1.06 - 3.00)	-	2.88 (1.48 – 5.59)
Signs of shock on admission	43 (8%)	2.52 (1.24 – 5.12)	9.99 (3.36 – 29.7)	2.66 (1.15 – 6.14)
Bacteremia on admission	32 (6%)	3.06 (1.35 – 6.92)	-	4.91 (1.90 – 12.7)
History of convulsions	32 (6%)	-	6.83 (2.01 – 23.2)	-
Cough for >14 days	56 (10%)	-	-	3.87 (1.83 – 8.19)
Wheeze on admission	89 (16%)	-	N/A *	-
Positive HIV antibody test,   not severely malnourished Severe Malnutrition,   negative HIV test Positive HIV test   and severe malnutrition	22 (4%) 54 (10%) 8 (2%)	3.45 (1.31 – 9.06) 1.94 (1.01 – 3.74) 0.17 (0.02 – 1.48)	4.62 (0.75 – 28.5) 1.37 (0.35 – 5.31) N/A **	2.21 (0.61 – 8.03) 1.80 (0.91 – 4.69) 0.46 (0.04 – 5.79)

‘-‘ indicates that the factor did not contribute to that model.

^*No child with wheeze died within 48 hours.

^**No child with both HIV and malnutrition died within 48 hours.

For each exposure variable, the reference value is the absence of that exposure. For very severe pneumonia, the reference category is severe pneumonia. For HIV and severe malnutrition the reference category is having neither severe malnutrition nor a positive HIV test.