TABLE 5.

Selected Studies of VUR and UTI in Children

	Study: first author (year)
	RIVUR	Camacho (2004)a	Chand (2003)b	Craig (1997)c	Fernandez-Menendez (2003)d	Hansson (2004)e	Mahant (2002)f	McDonald (2000)g	Oostenbrink (2000)h	Pinto (2004)i	Sargent (1995)j	Zamir (2004)k
Country	USA	Spain	USA	Australia	Spain	Sweden	Canada	USA	Netherlands	USA	Canada	Israel
Recruitment setting	Urology, nephr, PC, ED, inpatient, radiology		Radiology	ED	ED	ED	Inpatient	Inpatient	PC, ED	Radiology	Radiology, urology, nephr, PC	Inpatient
N	607	152	15 504	272	158	303	162	139	140	141	309	255
No. previous UTIs	0 or 1	0			0	0	0	0	0			0
No. with VUR	602	32	3771	77	33	80	35	33	37	38	91	45
Grade I	68		461	14		13	2	1		2		13
Grade II	254		2284	28		31	20	9		13		18
Grade III	230		747	19		27	6	16		14		13
Grade IV	49		182	12		8	7	5		5		1
Grade V	1		97	4		1	0	2		4
Age limits	2 mo to <6 y	1 mo to 12 y	0 to 21 y	<5 y	1 mo to 14 y	<2 y	<5 y	<10 y		1 mo to 12 y
Age, median	12 mo			8.3 mo			85 d
Age, mean	19.6 mo	20 mo
Male	49		608	149	64	163	91			47	117	63
Female	558		3163	123	94	140	71			94	192	192
Median age boys	5 mo					3.1 m
Median age girls	12 mo					8.5 m
White	482		3520
Black	27		141
Asian	17
Other	81		110
Hispanic	77									141
Non-Hispanic	527									0

ED, emergency department; nephr, nephrology; PC, primary care.

^aProspective cohort study of children with first febrile UTI.⁴⁹

^bRetrospective review of VCUG or radionuclide cystogram.²⁸

^cCross-sectional study of children with first UTI.⁵⁰

^dProspective cohort study of children with first UTI.⁵¹

^eRetrospective cross-sectional study of children with first UTI.⁵²

^fRetrospective review of VCUG in childrenwith first UTI.^44,53

^gRetrospective chart review of children with VCUG after UTI.⁵⁴

^hCross-sectional study of children with first UTI.⁵⁵

ⁱRetrospective chart review of first VCUG for UTI.⁵⁶

^jRetrospective study of first VCUG for UTI.⁵⁷

^kProspective cohort study of children hospitalized with first UTI.⁵⁸