Table 2.

A snapshot of data collected from observation sessions

Type of observation	Observations
Rooms observation	• Two to three beds in each room
	• One bathroom is attached to each room
	• Food and medications are taken in the common area
	• TV is only available in the common area
ADLs observation	• One resident (level 2) keeps on washing hand or showering for hours
	• Assisting shower is very difficult for nurses
	• Patients forget to turn off the taps
	• Patients need instructions of what to do next
	• Patients need encouragement to initiate activities
	• They forget to continue activities if they were interrupted, e.g. forget to finish eating after going to the toilet
	• They forget things they have already done, e.g., some may shower too often
Group activities observation	• 10 to 15 residents
	• 2 to 4 professional caregivers
	• Participants are divided into small groups
	• Caregivers need to give instructions