Table 3.
Mean Cardiorespiratory Fitness Stratified by Demographic Characteristics and Physical Activity Variables
| HR Extrapolation | Non-Exercise Prediction Equation | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | VO2 (95% CI) | Test-Statistic | VO2 (95% CI) | Test-Statistic |
| Gender | P = 0.002, η2 = 0.12 | P < 0.001, η2 = 0.47 | ||
| Male | 42.0 (38.5-45.5) | 34.1 (31.7-36.5) | ||
| Female | 34.9 (32.0-37.7) | 20.8 (18.6-22.9) | ||
| Weight Status | P = 0.01, η2 = 0.10 | P < 0.001, η2 = 0.44 | ||
| Normal Weight | 44.5 (39.2-49.8) a | 39.8 (35.1-44.5) b | ||
| Overweight | 40.5 (34.7-46.2) | 30.5 (27.9-33.2) c | ||
| Obese | 35.5 (33.0-38.1) | 22.0 (19.8-24.3) | ||
| Education | P = 0.35 | P = 0.91 | ||
| High School Graduate/GED Equivalent or less | 39.1 (36.2-42.1) | 25.9 (22.7-29.2) | ||
| Some College or College Graduate or Above | 36.8 (32.7-40.9) | 26.1 (23.6-28.7) | ||
| Marital Status | P = 0.27 | P = 0.64 | ||
| Married or Living with Partner | 39.6 (35.8-43.3) | 26.4 (23.6-29.2) | ||
| Widowed, Divorced, Separated or Never Married | 36.9 (33.9-39.9) | 27.4 (23.9-30.9) | ||
| Race-Ethnicity | P = 0.23 | P = 0.48 | ||
| Mexican American | 41.3 (36.9-45.6) | 25.2 (21.2-29.3) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 37.8 (33.1-42.6) | 29.0 (24.2-33.8) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 37.2 (32.2-42.1) | 25.3 (21.6-29.1) | ||
| Other Race | 35.1 (30.9-39.2) | 28.7 (24.0-33.4) | ||
| Income | P = 0.94 | P = 0.83 | ||
| Under $20,000 | 38.6 (33.4-43.9) | 27.7 (22.0-33.5) | ||
| $20,000+ | 38.4 (35.4-41.5) | 27.2 (24.6-29.7) | ||
| Average level of physical activity each day | P = 0.56 | P = 0.07, η2 = 0.09 | ||
| Sits during the day and not walk about very much | 39.5 (32.8-46.2) | 26.1 (18.9-33.4) d | ||
| Stands or walks about a lot during the day, but does not have to carry or lift things very often | 36.9 (33.6-40.2) | 25.2 (22.6-27.7) e | ||
| Lifts light loads or has to climb stairs or hills often | 41.4 (36.6-46.3) | 28.0 (21.7-34.4) | ||
| Does heavy work or carries heavy loads | 37.8 (33.8-41.8) | 34.6 (30.2-39.1) | ||
| Aerobic Exercise | ||||
| Vigorous PA in past 30 days | P = 0.93 | P = 0.38 | ||
| Yes | 38.0 (34.7-41.2) | 27.8 (24.6-31.0) | ||
| No | 38.2 (34.8-41.5) | 25.9 (22.9-28.8) | ||
| Moderate PA in past 30 days | P = 0.37 | P = 0.52 | ||
| Yes | 36.9 (33.7-40.1) | 27.5 (24.2-30.8) | ||
| No | 39.0 (35.7-42.4) | 26.1 (23.1-29.0) | ||
| Muscle strengthening activities in past 30 days | P = 0.96 | P = 0.30 | ||
| Yes | 37.9 (33.2-42.7) | 29.1 (23.0-35.3) | ||
| No | 38.1 (35.4-40.8) | 26.2 (23.9-28.5) | ||
a
Significant difference between normal weight and obese (p = 0.009, η2 = 0.09).
b
Significant difference between normal weight and overweight (p = 0.001, η2 = 0.13). Significant difference between normal weight and obese (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.41).
c
Significant difference between overweight and obese (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.20).
d
Sits during the day and not walking very much marginally different than doing heavy work (p = 0.05, η2 = 0.05).
e
Stands or walks about at a lot significantly different than doing heavy work (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.08).