Table 5.

Distribution of the QUALIDEM subscales for people with mild to severe and very severe dementia

Subscales, 0-100a			N	No. of Items	Mean (SD)	Percentiles
						10%	25%	50%	75%	90%
A	Care relationship
	Mild to severe		378		75.1 (± 21.4)	43	62	81	95	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77	7	74.7 (± 22.3)	38	62	81	93	100
		81 – 90	205		75.4 (± 20.4)	48	62	81	90	100
		> 90	96		74.7 (± 22.8)	41	57	81	95	100
	Gender	Female	297		75.9 (± 21.0)	47	62	81	95	100
		Male	81		71.8 (± 22.4)	35	57	76	90	100
	Very severe		256		75.2 (± 23.3)	44	56	78	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		68.9 (± 25.5)	33	56	67	89	100
		81 – 90	129	3	76.6 (± 22.8)	44	56	78	100	100
		> 90	58		79.7 (± 20.2)	54	67	78	100	100
	Gender	Female	199		76.5 (± 22.7)	44	67	78	100	100
		Male	57		70.6 (± 24.8)	33	56	67	94	100
B.	Positive Affect
	Mild to severe		378		73.1 (± 23.5)	39	56	75	94	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		70.3 (± 24.5)	33	53	72	94	100
		81 – 90	205	6	74.7 (± 23.2)	39	61	78	97	100
		> 90	96		72.0 (± 23.2)	39	56	75	94	100
	Gender	Female	297		74.7 (± 22.6)	29	44	72	89	100
		Male	81		67.4 (± 25.7)	39	61	78	94	100
	Very severe		256		64.2 (± 27.5)	25	50	67	90	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		62.7 (± 28.9)	25	42	67	92	100
		81 – 90	129	4	63.7 (± 27.2)	17	50	67	83	100
		> 90	58		67.2 (± 26.7)	25	50	75	92	100
	Gender	Female	199		65.1 (± 27.0)	25	50	67	92	100
		Male	57		61.3 (± 29.3)	17	38	67	88	100
C.	Negative Affect
	Mild to severe		378		71.4 (± 23.5)	44	56	78	89	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		72.2 (± 24.4)	33	56	78	89	100
		81 – 90	205	3	70.7 (± 23.7)	44	56	78	89	100
		> 90	96		72.3 (± 22.7)	44	56	78	89	100
	Gender	Female	297		69.1 (± 24.3)	33	56	67	89	100
		Male	81		80.0 (± 18.0)	56	67	89	89	100
	Very severeb		256		69.4 (± 27.7)	33	50	67	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		67.6 (± 29.4)	17	50	83	100	100
		81 – 90	129	2	68.0 (± 27.5)	17	50	67	100	100
		> 90	58		74.7 (± 25.8)	33	50	83	100	100
	Gender	Female	199		66.8 (± 28.0)	17	50	67	100	100
		Male	57		78.4 (± 24.8)	33	67	83	100	100
D.	Restless tense behavior
	Mild to severe		378		66.6 (± 29.4)	22	44	67	89	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		66.5 (± 33.3)	11	33	78	100	100
		81 – 90	205	3	66.6 (± 29.0)	22	44	67	89	100
		> 90	96		66.9 (± 27.0)	33	44	67	89	100
	Gender	Female	297		66.6 (± 29.6)	22	44	67	89	100
		Male	81		66.8 (± 28.8)	22	44	78	89	100
	Very severe		256		55.9 (± 29.4)	11	33	56	78	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		49.4 (± 30.7)	0	22	56	67	100
		81 – 90	129	3	56.8 (± 29.3)	11	33	56	78	100
		> 90	58		61.7 (± 27.2)	22	33	67	81	100
	Gender	Female	199		57.4 (± 29.3)	11	33	56	78	100
		Male	57		50.9 (± 29.5)	11	22	56	78	89
E.	Positive self-image
	Mild to severe		378		77.6 (± 25.7)	44	67	89	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		78.5 (± 25.6)	33	67	89	100	100
		81 – 90	205	3	76.9 (± 26.1)	40	67	89	100	100
		> 90	96		78.6 (± 25.1)	44	67	89	100	100
	Gender	Female	297		77.0 (± 25.9)	44	67	89	100	100
		Male	81		80.0 (± 24.8)	33	67	89	100	100
F.	Social relations
	Mild to severe		378		64.7 (± 21.4)	33	50	67	83	89
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		63.6 (± 24.5)	32	44	67	83	94
		81 – 90	205	6	66.2 (± 20.5)	39	50	67	83	94
		> 90	96		62.3 (± 20.7)	33	44	67	78	89
	Gender	Female	297		66.6 (± 20.5)	39	50	67	83	94
		Male	81		57.4 (± 23.3)	23	44	61	75	89
	Very severeb		256		66.3 (± 25.7)	22	47	67	89	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		64.9 (± 25.6)	22	44	67	89	100
		81 – 90	129	3	64.9 (± 26.3)	22	56	67	89	100
		> 90	58		70.9 (± 24.3)	33	56	78	89	100
	Gender	Female	199		67.2 (± 24.8)	33	56	67	89	100
		Male	57		63.2 (± 28.6)	22	44	67	89	100
G.	Social isolation
	Mild to severeb		378		73.7 (± 25.0)	33	56	78	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		79.2 (± 22.8)	44	61	89	100	100
		81 – 90	205	3	72.2 (± 25.5)	33	56	78	100	100
		> 90	96		72.2 (± 24.9)	33	56	78	89	100
	Gender	Female	297		73.4 (± 25.5)	33	56	78	100	100
		Male	81		74.5 (± 22.7)	44	56	78	100	100
	Very severeb		256		75.4 (± 23.3)	41	67	78	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	69		71.5 (± 24.1)	33	56	67	100	100
		81 – 90	129	3	77.9 (± 22.5)	44	67	78	100	100
		> 90	58		74.5 (± 23.7)	33	67	78	100	100
	Gender	Female	199		74.9 (± 23.4)	44	67	78	100	100
		Male	57		77.2 (± 23.1)	33	61	89	100	100
H.	Feeling at home
	Mild to severe		378		78.0 (± 21.6)	42	67	83	100	100
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		78.0 (± 22.7)	42	67	83	100	100
		81 – 90	205	4	76.5 (± 22.2)	42	67	83	92	100
		> 90	96		81.2 (± 19.2)	50	67	92	100	100
	Gender	Female	297		79.0 (± 21.1)	50	67	83	100	100
		Male	81		74.5 (± 22.7)	42	58	75	92	100
I	Having something to do
	Mild to severeb		378		40.4 (± 29.5)	0	17	50	50	83
	Age, years	≤ 80	77		44.2 (± 31.3)	0	17	50	67	100
		81 – 90	205	2	40.8 (± 29.3)	33	56	72	89	100
		> 90	96		36.6 (± 28.2)	33	56	78	100	100
	Gender	Female	297		42.5 (± 29.9)	0	17	50	67	83
		Male	81		32.9 (± 26.6)	0	0	33	50	67

^aSubscale sum scores were transformed to values between 0 and 100 using the formula: QUALIDEM(%) = QUALIDEM(Sumscore)*100/3*N(number of items for each subscale). Higher scores indicate a higher Qol.

^bNot scalable and unreliable subscale.