Table 1. Cognitive Outcomes for Valproate Subjects Across Human Studies.

Study	Enrollment Design	Blinded to AED	Valproate MonoTx	Other AED MonoTx	Significant Outcome
Adab 2004[10]	Retrospective	No	N=41	Carbamazepine Phenytion	WISC-III[17] Verbal IQ
Gaily 2004[8]	Prospective	Yes	N=13	Carbamazepine	WPPSI-R[18] or WISC- R[19] Verbal IQ
Eriksson 2005[6]	Prospective	Yes	N=21	Carbamazepine	WISC-III IQ [17]
Meador 2009[7]	Prospective	Yes	N=53	Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Phenytoin	DAS IQ [20] and BMDI [21]

AED = Antiepileptic drug; MonoTx = Prenatal exposure to AED monotherapy; DAS = Differential Abilities Scales [20], a standardized intelligence quotient that measures generalized cognitive ability (GCA), administered to this cohort at 36–45 months; BMDI = Bayley Mental Development Index[21], a standardized behavioral measure of cognitive development, administered to this cohort at 21–34 months; WISC = Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Childen [17, 19]; WPPSI = Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence [18].