Figure 4. NCTD inhibits expression of Smad2 and Smad3 in HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1.
(a and b) NCTD inhibited expression of Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA in HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1. * P<0.05 vs. negative control group (TGF-β1 0 ng/ml) and # P<0.05 vs. positive control (TGF-β1 5 ng/ml + NCTD 0 µg/ml). (c and d) NCTD reduced expression of Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 proteins in HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β1. * P<0.05 vs. negative control group (TGF-β1 0 ng/ml) and # P<0.05 vs. positive control group (TGF-β1 5 ng/ml + NCTD 0 µg/ml).