Table 1.
Population characteristics (n = 1,862)
| Parameter | Overall, n = 1862 [n (%)] OR [mean (SD)] | sTNFR1 Q1 [n (%)] OR [mean (SD)] | sTNFR1 Q2 [n (%)] OR [mean (SD)] | sTNFR1 Q3 [n (%)] OR [mean (SD)] | sTNFR1 Q4 [n (%)] OR [mean (SD)] | K–W or X2 (P-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Baseline descriptive statistics (overall and sTNFR1 quartiles) | |||||||
| Demographics | Age, mean, SD, y | 69 (10.2) | 66.8 (10) | 67.2 (9.6) | 68.9 (9.4) | 73.2 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Sex, | |||||||
| Male | 633 (34.0) | 170 (36.5) | 165 (35.3) | 143 (30.8) | 155 (33.4) | 0.21 | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 353 (19.0) | 79 (22.4) | 71 (20.1) | 90 (25.5) | 113 (32.0) | <0.01 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 426 (23.6) | 133 (31.2) | 101 (23.7) | 93 (21.8) | 99 (23.2) | ||
| Hispanic | 1029 (56.9%) | 244 (53.5%) | 279 (61.9%) | 269 (59.5%) | 237 (52.8%) | ||
| Education level | |||||||
| >High school | 816 (43.9) | 232 (28.4) | 199 (24.4) | 197 (24.1) | 188 (23.0) | 0.03 | |
| Insurance status | |||||||
| No insurance/medicaid | 872 (47.1) | 203 (23.3) | 213 (24.4) | 231 (26.5) | 225 (25.8) | 0.22 | |
| Private insurance/medicare | 978 (52.9) | 262 (26.8) | 249 (25.5) | 232 (23.7) | 235 (24) | ||
| Behavioural risk factors | Smoking status | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 896 (48.2) | 225 (25.1) | 231 (25.8) | 213 (23.8) | 227 (25.3) | 0.95 | |
| Past smoker | 646 (34.7) | 159 (24.6) | 159 (24.6) | 170 (26.3) | 158 (24.5) | ||
| Current smoker | 318 (17.1) | 82 (25.8) | 77 (24.2) | 81 (25.5) | 78 (24.5) | ||
| Moderate alcohol consumption | |||||||
| Yes | 605 (32.6) | 166 (27.4) | 173 (28.6) | 155 (25.6) | 111 (18.4) | <0.001 | |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Moderate or heavy | 145 (7.8) | 55 (37.9) | 37 (25.5) | 27 (18.6) | 26 (17.9) | <0.01 | |
| Waist, inches, mean, SD | 36.6 (4.9) | 35.7 (4.8) | 36.2 (4.3) | 36.8 (4.7) | 37.7 (5.3) | <0.001 | |
| Clinical risk factors | Hx coronary artery disease | 409 (22) | 78 (19.1) | 92 (22.5) | 102 (24.9) | 137 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 400 (21.5) | 92 (23) | 79 (19.8) | 93 (23.3) | 136 (34) | <0.001 | |
| Cholesterol Rx | 264 (14.2) | 43 (16.3) | 58 (22.0) | 75 (28.4) | 88 (33.3) | <0.01 | |
| HDL, mg/dl, mean, SD | 46.9 (14.5) | 48.9 (15.3) | 47.5 (14.3) | 46.6 (14.3) | 44.6 (13.6) | <0.001 | |
| LDL, mg/dl, mean, SD | 129.5 (36.3) | 131.7 (37.8) | 132.9 (35.1) | 130.9 (37.0) | 122.7 (34.4) | <0.001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg mean + SD | 143.7 (21.1) | 142.9 (20.7) | 141.2 (20.6) | 143.5 (20.5) | 147.3 (22.3) | <0.001 | |
| hsCRP, mg/l, mean, SD | 5.5 (9.3) | 3.6 (4.4) | 4.0 (5.1) | 5.3 (8.1) | 9.0 (14.7) | <0.001 | |
| Model parameters | sTNFR1, ng/ml, mean, SD | 2.57 (1.7) | Q1 < 1.75 | 1.75 < Q2 < 2.28 | 2.28 < Q3 < 2.97 | Q4 > 2.97 | |
| Events | |||||||
| All-cause deaths | 512 (27.5) | 98 (21.0) | 96 (20.6) | 100 (21.5) | 218 (47.0) | <0.001 | |
| Non-vascular deaths | 267 (14.3) | 41 (15.4) | 47 (17.6) | 57 (21.4) | 122 (45.7) | <0.001 | |
| Vascular deaths | 207 (11) | 48 (23.2) | 41 (19.8) | 34 (16) | 84 (40.6) | <0.001 | |
| Time to all-cause mortality, mean, SD, years | 8.4 (2.5) | 9.0 (2.0) | 8.7 (2.2) | 8.6 (2.3) | 7.1 (3.1) | <0.001 | |
| B. Covariates: acronyms, measurements, categorisation for modelling | |||||||
| # | Parameter | Measurement | Categorisation | ||||
| 1,2 | Age; sex | Self-report during standardised interview | Continuous; male, female (ref) | ||||
| 3 | Race/ethnicity | Self-report during standardised interview | Hispanic, Black, White(REF) | ||||
| 4 | Education level | Self-report during standardised interview | >High school, <High school (ref) | ||||
| 5 | Insurance status | Self-report during standardised interview | No insurance or medicaid, private insurance or medicare (ref) | ||||
| 6 | Smoking status | Self-report during standardised interview | Current smokers, past smokers, never smokers (ref) | ||||
| 7 | Alcohol consumption | National Cancer Institute Food Frequency Questionnaire | Moderate use ( >1 drink/month and <2 drinks daily), all others (ref). | ||||
| 8 | Physical activity | National Health Interview Survey | Moderate to heavy activity, no activity to low activity (ref) | ||||
| 9 | Waist size | Measured by trained study researcher | Continuous | ||||
| 10 | Hx coronary artery disease | Self-report or provider Dx | History of coronary artery diease, no history (ref) | ||||
| 11 | Diabetes mellitus | Fasting glucose >126 mg/dl, self-report or hypoglycaemic drug | Diabetes mellitus, no diabetes mellitus (ref) | ||||
| 12 | Cholesterol Rx | Self-report during standardised interview | Any cholesterol medications at baseline, no cholesterol medications (ref) | ||||
| 13,14 | HDL, LDL | Fasting lipid panels, Hitachi 705 spectrometer (Boehringer) | | Continuous | ||||
| 15 | Systolic blood pressure | Mean of 2× calibrated aneroid sphygmomanometer measures | Continuous | ||||
| 16 | hsCRP | BNII nephelometric assay system (Dade-Behring, Deerfield, IL, USA) | >3 mg/l, <3 mg/l (ref) | ||||
Q, quartile; SD, standard deviation; K–W, Kurts–Wallace test; X2, Chi-squared test; y, years.