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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Med Sci. 2011 Apr;341(4):325–332. doi: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181f30dee

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMDMSCs) organize a complex array of mechanisms that regulate T-cell proliferation including secretion of soluble effector molecules and growth factors [hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and interleukin (IL)-10] which inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. At high concentrations, BMDMSCs inhibit B-cell proliferation, immunoglobulin secretion and interferon (INF)-γ production in stimulated natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, MSCs increase proliferation of T-regulatory cells by increasing TGF-β1 production.