Table 1.
Demographic Information at Baseline by Randomization Group and by Main Intervention Arm
| According to randomized group | According to main intervention arm | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No RT + No Pioglitazone | No RT + Pioglitazone | RT + No Pioglitazone | RT + Pioglitazone | RT | No RT | Pioglitazone | No Pioglitazone | |
| Women | ||||||||
| n | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Age (y) | 70.0±2.6 | 69.8±4.1 | 71.3±4.9 | 69.0±1.7 | 70.2±3.7 | 69.9±3.3 | 69.4±3.1 | 70.7±3.9 |
| Height (cm) | 162.8±8.8 | 161.0±5.6 | 161.9±8.0 | 164.1±4.7 | 163.0±6.5 | 161.9±7.2 | 162.5±5.3 | 162.3±8.2 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 33.8±5.4 | 34.5±5.3 | 31.1±3.1 | 33.9±5.9 | 32.5±4.8 | 34.1±5.2 | 34.2±5.4 | 32.5±4.5 |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 110.0±15.7 | 103.9±10.5 | 103.3±9.2 | 114.0±15.4 | 108.7±13.5 | 106.8±13.2 | 109.0 ± 13.8 | 106.5±12.8 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.2±0.6 | 1.7±1.1 | 1.6±1.0 | 1.1±1.1 | 1.4±1.0 | 1.5±0.9 | 1.4±1.1 | 1.4±0.8 |
| SPPB score (0–12)* | 8.2±1.2 | 8.6±1.1 | 9.1±1.0 | 8.7±1.3 | 8.9±1.1 | 8.4±1.1 | 8.7±1.1 | 8.7±1.2 |
| Men | ||||||||
| n | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
| Age (y) | 70.5±4.7 | 69.7±2.8 | 69.5±3.9 | 69.5±3.5 | 69.5±3.6 | 70.1±3.8 | 69.6±3.1 | 70.0±4.2 |
| Height (cm) | 175.4±6.8 | 178.0±4.6 | 179.0±5.6 | 177.8±5.8 | 178.4±5.6 | 176.7±5.8 | 177.9±5.1 | 177.2 ± 6.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 31.5±2.8 | 31.0±2.8 | 33.2±5.1 | 33.6±4.6 | 33.4 ± 4.7 | 31.2±2.8 | 32.3±4.0 | 32.4±4.10 |
| Waist circumference (cm)* | 126.0±47.5 | 110.4±7.9 | 116.3±11.4 | 114.4±12.8 | 115.3±11.9 | 117.0 ± 36.1 | 112.5±10.7 | 119.6±35.4 |
| Number of comorbidities | 1.8±0.8 | 1.7±1.2 | 1.5±1.2 | 1.2 ± 1.1 | 1.3±1.2 | 1.8±1.0 | 1.4±1.1 | 1.7±1.0 |
| SPPB score (0–12)* | 9.5±0.7 | 9.3±0.5 | 9.0±0.9 | 9.3±0.8 | 9.2±0.8 | 9.4±0.6 | 9.3±0.6 | 9.3±0.8 |
Notes. Data are mean ± SD. RT, resistance training; BMI, body mass index; SPPB, short physical performance battery.
Comorbidities: high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, diabetes congestive heart failure, falls, fractures, cancer, and lung disease.
*Missing data.