Table 1.
Study Characteristics
| Source | Study Design | Baseline Age (mean ± SD) | Female Participants (%) | Years of Follow-up (mean) | Sample Size | Number of Cases | Covariates |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schmidt et al. (16) (United States) | Nested case–control | 55.0±4.6 | 0 | 25.3 | 1,050 | Dem: 214; AD: 95 | Age, education, smoking, average cholesterol, blood pressure, years of follow-up, APOE ε4, BMI |
| Engelhart et al. (14) (Netherlands) | Case cohort | 71.7±9.0 | 52.9 | 6.5 | 727 | Dem: 188; AD: 140 | Age, gender, education |
| Ravaglia et al. (11) (Italy) | Cohort | 73.6±6.3 | 43.1 | 3.7 | 804 | Dem: 109; AD: 68 | Age, gender, education, APOE ε4, stroke, CVD, physical activity, BMI, creatinine homocysteine, serum folate, serum vitamin B12 |
| Tan et al. (18) (United States) | Cohort | 78.6±4.6 | 62.2 | 7.0 | 691 | Dem: —; AD: 44 | Age, gender |
| Sundelof et al. (17) (Sweden) | Cohort | 71.0±0.7 | 0 | 10.1 | 1,062 | Dem: 165; AD: 81 | Age, APOE ε4, diabetes, NSAIDs, aspirin, smoking, BMI, hypertension, cholesterol, stroke, education |
| Sundelof et al. (17) (Sweden) | Cohort | 77.5±0.8 | 0 | 4.8 | 749 | Dem: 70; AD: 46 | Age, APOE ε4, diabetes, NSAIDs, aspirin, smoking, BMI, hypertension, cholesterol, stroke, education |
| Eriksson et al. (15) (Sweden) | Nested case–control | 78.5 | 61.7 | 4.3 | 634 | Dem: —; AD: 91 | Age, gender |
Notes: Sundelof et al. is included twice as results were reported for two separate subcohorts. AD = Alzheimer’s disease; APOE ε4 = apolipoprotein ε4; BMI = body mass index; CVD = cardiovascular disease; Dem = dementia; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.